英语讲义【103】句型不同，句义有别
<p> 在《词序不同，句义有异》一文里，谈到形似义异的句子。这里要从句型的变化来看句义的不同。最后还要看看同一个句子，却有两个意思。</p><p> 先看句型不同，句义有别的句子。</p><p> ① <span word="We">We</span>/<span word="watched">watched</span>/ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sunset">sunset</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="We">We</span>/<span word="watched">watched</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>/<span word="set">set</span>.</p><p> ①里的句型是主语+动词+宾语。②里的句型是主语+动词+ 宾语+不带的不定式动词。①的意思是某人看某事；② 的意思是某人看某事发生。</p><p> ③ <span word="Tom">Tom</span>/ <span word="is">is</span>/ <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="Tom">Tom</span>/ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span>/ <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span>.</p><p> ③的句型是主语+动词+补足语。④里的句型是主语+动词+ 副词短语。③的意思是汤姆将要去玩耍。④的意思是汤姆在去学校途中。</p><p> ⑤ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cow">cow</span>/ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span>/ <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="work">work</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cow">cow</span>/ <span word="is">is</span>/ <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="work">work</span>.</p><p> ⑤是被动语态（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="passive">passive</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>）；⑥是主动语态（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>）。⑤的句型是主语+助动词+过去分词+不定式动词短语。</p><p> ⑥的句型是主语+动词+补足语。注意⑥的补足语（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="complement">complement</span>）是个形容词短语<span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span>，意思是习惯于，如：</p><p> ⑦ <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="canteen">canteen</span>?</p><p> ⑧ <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="land">land</span>.</p><p> 最后来看看一些一句二义的句子：</p>
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