英语讲义【93】不规则动词的类别
<p> 在《混淆的动词形态》一文里谈到某些不规则动词（<span word="irregular">irregular</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>）的混淆。每个学习英语的人都会在不同阶段或多或少碰到不规则动词所带来的麻烦，特别是在形态拼写方面。</p><p> 不规则动词里是不是杂乱无序的动词呢？当然不是；实际上是乱中有序、有条不紊的。</p><p> 首先，不规则动词是针对规则动词而言。</p><p> 大家知道，规则动词（<span word="regular">regular</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>）的过去式（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="form">form</span>）和过去分词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="participle">participle</span>）都一样的要加上 -<span word="ed">ed</span>/-<span word="d">d</span>，如：</p><p> ①<span word="a">a</span>. <span word="Jason">Jason</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="oclock">oclock</span>（过去式）</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="late">late</span>?（过去分词）</p><p> ②<span word="a">a</span>. <span word="Xiao">Xiao</span> <span word="Lin">Lin</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>（过去式）</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="Has">Has</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="him">him</span> ?（过去分词）</p><p> 不规则动词则不然；它们的过去式和过去分词并不一致，学习时要集中精神，一一加以辨别，才可避免错误。</p><p> 语法学家根据动词原形、过去式、过去分词三形式上的变化，把不规则动词划分为下列类别：</p><p> ㈠三种形式都相同</p><p> 第一类的包括下列这些常见动词：</p><p> ① <span word="cut">cut</span>-<span word="cut">cut</span>-<span word="cut">cut</span> ; ② <span word="hurt">hurt</span>-<span word="hurt">hurt</span>-<span word="hurt">hurt</span> ; ③ <span word="put">put</span>-<span word="put">put</span>-<span word="put">put</span>; ④ <span word="shut">shut</span>-<span word="shut">shut</span>-<span word="shut">shut</span>; ⑤ <span word="cost">cost</span>-<span word="cost">cost</span>-<span word="cost">cost</span>; ⑥<span word="burst">burst</span>-<span word="burst">burst</span>-<span word="burst">burst</span>; ⑦ <span word="hit">hit</span>-<span word="hit">hit</span>-<span word="hit">hit</span>; ⑧ <span word="cast">cast</span>-<span word="cast">cast</span>-<span word="cast">cast</span>; ⑨ <span word="set">set</span>-<span word="set">set</span>-<span word="set">set</span>; ⑩ <span word="let">let</span>-<span word="let">let</span>-<span word="let">let</span>.</p>
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