英语讲义【83】容易犯错的形容词从句
<p> 在三种英语从句中，名词从句与副词从句用得较多，错误也较少。形容词从句用得较少，但却最易犯错，尤其是下列四种错法：</p><p> ㈠重复形容词中的宾语。例如：</p><p> *① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="essay">essay</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="grade">grade</span>.</p><p> *② <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span>?</p><p> 在①里的形容词从句中的<span word="it">it</span>和②里的<span word="him">him</span>都是重复的宾语，因为这两个宾语已经由关系代词<span word="which">which</span>和<span word="whom">whom</span>接管了。因此，<span word="it">it</span>和<span word="him">him</span>是多余的，必须去掉。</p><p> ㈡关系代词或关系副词不对。例如：</p><p> *③ <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="ate">ate</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="food">food</span>.</p><p> *④ <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="resume">resume</span> <span word="work">work</span>?</p><p> ③里的关系代词<span word="who">who</span>和④里的<span word="which">which</span>都错。③里的先行词是一种动物，关系代词里<span word="which">which</span>或<span word="that">that</span>才对。④里的先行词是时间，应该用关系副词<span word="when">when</span>才可。</p><p> ㈢形容词从句修饰的对象不符。例如：</p><p> *⑤ <span word="Malcolm">Malcolm</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="planned">planned</span>.</p><p> 这里的形容词从句<span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="planned">planned</span>，应该修饰名词 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>，不是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span>，因此犯了修饰的对象不符之错。最容易的改正方法，是使这个从句紧扣在先行词<span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>后面，即：</p><p> ⑥ <span word="Malcolm">Malcolm</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span>.</p>
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