英语讲义【66】英语惯用语的类别
<p> 英语词汇丰富，惯用语很多。学习英语者，不能只注意单字单词，他们也必须同时学习各常见的惯用语，以便从另一领域增加英语词汇。</p><p> 什么是英语惯用语呢？它们有哪些类别呢？</p><p> 所谓惯用语（<span word="idiomatic">idiomatic</span> <span word="expressions">expressions</span>），顾名思义，就是两个或两个以上的字合组而成一个固定短语，具有个固定意思，有时，如片语动词，还可能有一个以上的含义。</p><p> 英语常见惯用语有七种如下：</p><p> ㈠片语动词（<span word="phrasal">phrasal</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>），如：</p><p> ①<span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="down">down</span>：拒绝；②<span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="up">up</span>：出现；③<span word="take">take</span> <span word="after">after</span>：长得像 ；④<span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span>：延期；⑤<span word="put">put</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span>：忍受；⑥<span word="do">do</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span>：取消、废除；⑦<span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="on">on</span>：食言；⑧<span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="on">on</span>：将注意力集中在 </p><p> ㈡介词短语（<span word="prepositional">prepositional</span> <span word="phrases">phrases</span>），如：</p><p> ①<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nutshell">nutshell</span>：总而言之；②<span word="by">by</span> <span word="leaps">leaps</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bounds">bounds</span>：很迅速地；③<span word="with">with</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="arms">arms</span>：热烈地；④<span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>：不舒服； ⑤<span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span>：偶尔；⑥<span word="of">of</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="will">will</span>：自愿地；⑦<span word="by">by</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span>：渐渐地；⑧<span word="on">on</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="own">own</span>：独自；⑨<span word="without">without</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> ：一定；⑩<span word="in">in</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>：精神奕奕地。</p><p> ㈢动词短语（<span word="verb">verb</span> <span word="phrases">phrases</span>），如：</p><p> ①<span word="pluck">pluck</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="courage">courage</span>：鼓起勇气；②<span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="of">of</span> ：查询到底；③ <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fort">fort</span>：代人尽责；④<span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="breath">breath</span> ：浪费气力；⑤<span word="close">close</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="to">to</span>：熟视无睹；⑥<span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="handy">handy</span>：会有用处；⑦<span word="go">go</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="saying">saying</span>：不说便知；⑧<span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="track">track</span> <span word="of">of</span>：失去踪迹。</p>
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