英语讲义【70】英语惯用语的活用
<p> 惯用语是个固定的词组，有一定的语义，是不可分割的统一体，其整体的意思往往不能从组成惯用语的各个词的原有意思中猜测而得。此外，惯用语的各个组成部分不可任意拆开或替换。但是某些惯用语，在特殊情况下，容许做些更动，从而增添活用性。</p><p> 现在从下面的四点举例说明：</p><p> ⒈惯用语组成部分的替换，例如：</p><p> ● <span word="pull">pull</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="face">face</span>（愁眉苦脸）<span word="pull">pull</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="face">face</span>, 如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="coach">coach</span> <span word="pulled">pulled</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="defeated">defeated</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stitch">stitch</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="saves">saves</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>（及时补救）<span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="saves">saves</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>, 如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="quarrel">quarrel</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="appease">appease</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="saves">saves</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>.</p><p> ⒉惯用语组成部分分开，例如： ● <span word="get">get</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>（占上风）<span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quick">quick</span>-<span word="witted">witted</span> <span word="debater">debater</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="cut">cut</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. ● <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wood">wood</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>（见树不见林）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="sees">sees</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="wood">wood</span>.</p><p> ⒊惯用语组成部分的扩充，例如： ● <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> （实行）<span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>, 如：</p><p> <span word="Davids">Davids</span> <span word="proposal">proposal</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="company">company</span> （结交朋友）<span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="disreputable">disreputable</span> <span word="company">company</span>, 如：</p>
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