英语讲义【74】名词分句
<p> 在英语里,名词分句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="noun">noun</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）是复杂句中三种从句的一种，起着名词的作用，可以是主语、宾语、同位语或补足语。</p><p> 名词分句多由从属连词<span word="that">that</span>引导。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="That">That</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drowned">drowned</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fortunate">fortunate</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unfounded">unfounded</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="nowadays">nowadays</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>.</p><p> ①里的名词从句当主句的主语；②里的当宾语；③里的当同位语；④里的是主语补足语；⑤里的是宾语补足语。</p><p> 当名词从句是谓语动词的宾语（见例②）或宾语补足语（见例⑤ ）时，连词<span word="that">that</span>通常可以省略。例如：</p><p> ⑥ <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="said">said</span> （<span word="that">that</span>） <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="right">right</span>.</p><p> ⑦ <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> （<span word="that">that</span>） <span word="things">things</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="better">better</span>.</p><p> 还有，用<span word="that">that</span>引导的名词从句是陈述句（ <span word="statements">statements</span>/<span word="declarative">declarative</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span>）。例如③里的 （<span word="i">i</span>）<span word="All">All</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="improve">improve</span>和 （<span word="ii">ii</span>）<span word="your">your</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unfounded">unfounded</span> 连成复杂句之前，都是陈述句。但不是所有的名词分句都是用<span word="that">that</span> 引导的陈述句。它们也可以是疑问句（<span word="questions">questions</span>/ <span word="interrogative">interrogative</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span>）。</p><p> 疑问句分两种：带疑问词（<span word="question">question</span> <span word="words">words</span>）和不带疑问词的。当带疑问词的直接疑问句（<span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>）转为间接疑问句（ <span word="indirect">indirect</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>）时，有关的疑问词便要起连接作用。例如：</p>
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