英语讲义【40】复数名词的误用
<p> 英语名词分可数的和不可数两种。可数名词指一般动物和事物，如<span word="Man">Man</span>/ <span word="friend">friend</span>/ <span word="driver">driver</span>/ <span word="student">student</span>/ <span word="dog">dog</span>/ <span word="cat">cat</span>/ <span word="boat">boat</span>/ <span word="egg">egg</span>/ <span word="gun">gun</span>/ <span word="hand">hand</span>/ <span word="head">head</span>/ <span word="lamp">lamp</span>/ <span word="road">road</span>/ <span word="table">table</span>/ <span word="car">car</span> 等等。</p><p> 可数名词有两个数，即单数和复数。单数名词可以和不定冠词 <span word="a">a</span>/ <span word="an">an</span>或其他名词限定词（<span word="determiners">determiners</span>）连用；复数名词可以和数目词，如<span word="many">many</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>/ <span word="some">some</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span>等连用。</p><p> 不可数名词指物质名词（<span word="material">material</span> <span word="nouns">nouns</span>）和抽象名词（ <span word="abstract">abstract</span> <span word="nouns">nouns</span>），如：<span word="air">air</span>/ <span word="butter">butter</span>/ <span word="grass">grass</span>/ <span word="money">money</span>/ <span word="sand">sand</span>/ <span word="water">water</span>/ <span word="carefulness">carefulness</span>/ <span word="joy">joy</span>/ <span word="peace">peace</span>等等。不可数名词可以和数量词，如<span word="much">much</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>/ <span word="little">little</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span>等连用。不可数名词只有单数，没有复数-<span word="s">s</span>的形式。</p><p> 有些人对名词数的概念不很清楚，对数目词（<span word="expressions">expressions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="number">number</span>）和数量词（<span word="expressions">expressions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="quantity">quantity</span>）也有些混乱，结果把数目词用在不可数名词之前或随意在不可数名词后面加上复数词尾 -<span word="s">s</span>，这些都是语法上的错误。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="workshop">workshop</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="equipments">equipments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span>.</p><p> 虽然有些人把 <span word="equipment">equipment</span>（配备）当成可数名词，但是它是不可数的，不可有-<span word="s">s</span>。</p><p> ② <span word="My">My</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="advices">advices</span>. 应该是<span word="advice">advice</span>。</p><p> ③ <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="informations">informations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span>? <span word="Information">Information</span>才对。</p><p> ④ <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="furnitures">furnitures</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wood">wood</span>. 应该是<span word="furnitureis">furnitureis</span></p>
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