英语讲义【41】同族词都是一家人
<p> 在《前缀一加，词义转变》中提到同族词（见1月17日《中英合谈》）。所谓同族词（<span word="family">family</span> <span word="words">words</span>）便是由同个词根衍生出来的一群实词。例如：<span word="art">art</span>（艺术）名词是<span word="art">art</span>和<span word="artist">artist</span>，形容词是<span word="artistic">artistic</span>，副词是<span word="artistically">artistically</span>。虽然这四个字的语音、词形、词类和词义都不同，但都来自共同的词根。</p><p> 同族词既然是由同一词根派生而成，它们之间便有血脉关系，而且在词义上，也常有相似之处。</p><p> 学习英语词汇时，可以利用同族词这特色把每组词集中起来，用对比方式，辨别每个词的词义和不同用法，然后加以记忆和运用，假以时日，不难水到渠成，词汇丰富。</p><p> 下面便是两组同族词的意思及其用法：</p><p> Ⅰ<span word="authorise">authorise</span>（动词）授权、批准</p><p> <span word="authorisation">authorisation</span>（名词）授权、委任</p><p> <span word="authoritative">authoritative</span>（形容词）权威的、命令式的</p><p> <span word="authority">authority</span>（名词）权力、职权、权威</p><p> <span word="authorities">authorities</span>（名词）当局</p><p> ① <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="authorised">authorised</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="absence">absence</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Ministry">Ministry</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Finance">Finance</span> <span word="authorised">authorised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="payment">payment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="increments">increments</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="One">One</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="authorisation">authorisation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="building">building</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="This">This</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="authoritative">authoritative</span> <span word="source">source</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reliable">reliable</span>.</p>
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