英语讲义【44】合成动词
<p> 在英语的合成词（<span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="words">words</span>）中，合成动词（<span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>）的数目较少，主要有下面三种类别：</p><p> ㈠副词+动词，如 <span word="outdo">outdo</span>, <span word="overcome">overcome</span>, <span word="undermine">undermine</span>, <span word="upset">upset</span>, <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="question">question</span>, <span word="withhold">withhold</span>, <span word="backbite">backbite</span> 等。</p><p> ㈡名词+动词，如 <span word="sunbathe">sunbathe</span>, <span word="sidetrack">sidetrack</span>, <span word="typewrite">typewrite</span>, <span word="house">house</span>-<span word="hunt">hunt</span>, <span word="browbeat">browbeat</span>, <span word="hoodwink">hoodwink</span>, <span word="waylay">waylay</span> 等。</p><p> ㈢形容词+动词，如 <span word="whitewash">whitewash</span>, <span word="safeguard">safeguard</span>, <span word="shortlist">shortlist</span>, <span word="blackmail">blackmail</span> 等。</p><p> 这三类合成动词中，以第一种最为丰富，特别是那些由<span word="over">over</span>, <span word="under">under</span>, <span word="out">out</span>引导的，更显得多彩多姿。</p><p> 由 <span word="over">over</span> 引导的合成动词含有太多、过多的意思，如： <span word="overact">overact</span>, <span word="overburden">overburden</span>, <span word="overcharge">overcharge</span>, <span word="overdo">overdo</span>, <span word="overdress">overdress</span>, <span word="overeat">overeat</span>, <span word="overestimate">overestimate</span>, <span word="overpower">overpower</span>, <span word="overpraise">overpraise</span>, <span word="overproduce">overproduce</span>, <span word="overprotect">overprotect</span>, <span word="overrule">overrule</span>, <span word="oversleep">oversleep</span>, <span word="overspend">overspend</span>, <span word="overstate">overstate</span>, <span word="overstay">overstay</span>, <span word="overwork">overwork</span> 等。</p><p> 由 <span word="under">under</span> 引导的合成动词含 有太少、不足的意思，如： <span word="undercharge">undercharge</span>, <span word="underpay">underpay</span>, <span word="underrate">underrate</span>, <span word="understate">understate</span>, <span word="undervalue">undervalue</span>, <span word="underwork">underwork</span> 等。</p><p> 由 <span word="out">out</span> 引导的合成动词则含有超过、胜过之意，如： <span word="outdo">outdo</span>, <span word="outgrow">outgrow</span>, <span word="outlive">outlive</span>, <span word="outnumber">outnumber</span>, <span word="outside">outside</span>, <span word="outrank">outrank</span>, <span word="outshine">outshine</span>, <span word="outstay">outstay</span>, <span word="outstrip">outstrip</span>, <span word="outweigh">outweigh</span>, <span word="outwit">outwit</span> 等。</p><p> 现在举些句子示范：</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> $3, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="overcharged">overcharged</span> <span word="by">by</span> 50 <span word="cents">cents</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="romantic">romantic</span> <span word="scenes">scenes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="overdone">overdone</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="overstate">overstate</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="predicament">predicament</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p>
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