英语讲义【73】片语动词
<p> 请看下面这段对话，它的特色在于四个片语动词，使会话显得轻松灵活：</p><p> <span word="X">X</span>: <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span> ?</p><p> <span word="Y">Y</span>: <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="cropped">cropped</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> <span word="X">X</span>: <span word="Too">Too</span> <span word="Bad">Bad</span> ! <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="her">her</span> ?</p><p> <span word="Y">Y</span>: <span word="No">No</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="Saturday">Saturday</span>.</p><p> 什么是片语动词（<span word="Phrasal">Phrasal</span> <span word="Verbs">Verbs</span>）呢？</p><p> 片语动词是现代英语中最常见的一种惯用语，由动词＋介词/ 副词构成，有一个意思，甚至多个意思，其作用等于谓语动词，可以是及物动词（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Transitive">Transitive</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>），有宾语，如：<span word="see">see</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="do">do</span> <span word="without">without</span>, <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span>等，也可以是不及物动词（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Intransitive">Intransitive</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>），没宾语，如<span word="crop">crop</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="opt">opt</span> <span word="out">out</span>等。</p><p> 这些是二字一体的片语动词，数目很多；也有三字一体 的，数目少得多，如：<span word="do">do</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span>, <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="on">on</span>, <span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="on">on</span> , <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span>等。它们的构成成分是：动词＋副词＋介词。</p><p> 二字一体的片语动词的两个字有些可以分开，有些则不可分开。如果是前者的话，那么它的名词宾语可以摆在后面（见例①）或在两个字之间（见例②）：</p><p> ⑴ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>.</p><p> ⑵ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="out">out</span>.</p><p> 如果宾语是代词，就必须在二字之间，如：</p>
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