英语讲义【36】从后缀到派生词
<p> 在2月7日的《英语讲义》中,英语派生词哪里来探讨了前缀如何协助词根制造派生词;末了还提到后缀和派生词的关系。</p><p> 这里要进一步列举各种后缀的功能以及有关派生词的实例。</p><p> ㈠动词+名词性后缀名词派生词</p><p> 主要名词性后缀有:</p><p> ① -<span word="er">er</span>,例如:<span word="painter">painter</span>(画家);<span word="writer">writer</span>(作家)。</p><p> ② -<span word="or">or</span>,例如:<span word="actor">actor</span>(演员);<span word="sailor">sailor</span>(水手)。</p><p> ③ -<span word="ant">ant</span>,例如:<span word="attendant">attendant</span>(侍者);<span word="dependant">dependant</span> (受赡养者)。</p><p> ④ -<span word="ent">ent</span>,例如:<span word="resident">resident</span>(居民);<span word="propellent">propellent</span>(推进物)。</p><p> ⑤ -<span word="ist">ist</span>,例如:<span word="typist">typist</span>(打字员);<span word="copyist">copyist</span>(誊写员)。</p><p> ⑥ -<span word="ment">ment</span>,例如:<span word="excitement">excitement</span>(紧张);<span word="amazement">amazement</span>(惊奇)。</p><p> ⑦ -<span word="t">t</span>,例如<span word="restraint">restraint</span>(控制);<span word="complaint">complaint</span>(投诉)。</p><p> ⑧ -<span word="ture">ture</span>,例如:<span word="fixture">fixture</span>(固定状态);<span word="mixture">mixture</span>(混合物)。</p><p> ⑨ -<span word="ion">ion</span>/-<span word="tion">tion</span>,例如:<span word="celebration">celebration</span>(庆祝);<span word="intention">intention</span>(意向)。</p><p> ⑩ -<span word="al">al</span>,例如:<span word="renewal">renewal</span>(更新);<span word="approval">approval</span>(赞许)。</p><p> 11 -<span word="ance">ance</span>,例如:<span word="assistance">assistance</span>(协助);<span word="appearance">appearance</span>(出现)。</p><p> 12 -<span word="age">age</span>,例如:<span word="stoppage">stoppage</span>(停业);<span word="marriage">marriage</span>(结婚)。</p><p> ㈡形容词+名词性后缀名词派生词这类名词性后缀包括:</p>
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