英语讲义【49】条件句和让步句如何表达
<p> 英语的句式多彩多姿，同一个意思可以透过不同句型反映出来。</p><p> 现在让我们看看两种出现率很高的句式，即条件句和让步句。</p><p> 英语条件句可以下列5种方式进行：</p><p> ㈠由条件副词分句表达，如：</p><p> ① <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="Unless">Unless</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="tries">tries</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="In">In</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>, <span word="please">please</span> <span word="remind">remind</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="abides">abides</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span>.</p><p> 条件副词分句里的连词<span word="if">if</span>，在某些情况下可以省略，但句子要倒装，如：</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>/ <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>/ <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> ㈡由复合介词<span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span>/ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="of">of</span>引导的条件副词词组表达，如：</p><p> ⑦ <span word="In">In</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>, <span word="call">call</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="brigade">brigade</span>.</p><p> ⑧ <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span>, <span word="call">call</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span>.</p><p> ㈢由连词<span word="supposing">supposing</span>/ <span word="provided">provided</span>引荐的分句表达，如：</p><p> ⑨ <span word="Supposing">Supposing</span> （<span word="that">that</span>） <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="say">say</span> ?</p><p> ⑩ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="lend">lend</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> （<span word="that">that</span>） <span word="you">you</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p>
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