英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构
<p> 英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词+不定式动词（<span word="question">question</span> <span word="word">word</span> + <span word="to">to</span>-<span word="infinitive">infinitive</span>）。</p><p> 疑问词是疑问代词<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="which">which</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span>和疑问副词<span word="when">when</span>, <span word="where">where</span>, <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="why">why</span> 。此外，连接词<span word="whether">whether</span>也适用。</p><p> 疑问词+不定式动词结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：</p><p> ⑴当主语，如：</p><p> ● <span word="When">When</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="decided">decided</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="How">How</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cope">cope</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="topic">topic</span>.</p><p> ⑵当宾语，如：</p><p> ● <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="He">He</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trust">trust</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span>?</p><p> ⑶当补足语，如：</p><p> ● <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="aid">aid</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="elect">elect</span>.</p><p> ⑷当名词同位语，如：</p><p> ● <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="first">first</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rough">rough</span> <span word="impression">impression</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>?</p><p> ⑸当宾语补足语，如：</p><p> ● <span word="Jim">Jim</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="choose">choose</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>.</p><p> 适用于疑问词+不定式动词的动词包括：<span word="know">know</span>, <span word="see">see</span>, <span word="decide">decide</span>, <span word="tell">tell</span>, <span word="ask">ask</span>, <span word="consider">consider</span>, <span word="discover">discover</span>, <span word="explain">explain</span>, <span word="forget">forget</span>, <span word="guess">guess</span>, <span word="hear">hear</span>, <span word="imagine">imagine</span>, <span word="inquire">inquire</span>, <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="remember">remember</span>, <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="wonder">wonder</span>, <span word="understand">understand</span>等。</p>
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