英语讲义【61】英语短语
<p> 短语或词组（<span word="phrases">phrases</span>）是英语句子结构中重要的成分，不可忽视。</p><p> 英语短语是由至少两个字合组而成为一个有意义的单位。</p><p> 短语通常没有主语，也没有谓语动词，但是每个短语都有一定的结构和语义，在句子中形成一个重要的环节。</p><p> 论功能，英语短语可分为名词短语（<span word="noun">noun</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span>）、形容词短语（<span word="adjective">adjective</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span>）和副词短语（<span word="adverb">adverb</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span>）三种。</p><p> 名词短语，主要有三种形式，即：㈠名词组；㈡动名词组；㈢不定式动词组。</p><p> 名词短语和名词功能一样，可在句子中充当主语，如例①；宾语，如例②；补足语，如例③：</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Johore">Johore</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Malaysia">Malaysia</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="I">I</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="English">English</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accompany">accompany</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="airport">airport</span>?</p><p> ①是名词组；②是动名词组；③是不定式动词组。</p><p> 形容词短语也有三种，即：㈠介词组，如例④-⑥；㈡现在分词组；如例⑦-⑧；过去分词组，如例⑨-⑩：</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span>.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Bankers">Bankers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>.</p><p> ⑦ <span word="Hearing">Hearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scream">scream</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="cried">cried</span>.</p>
页:
[1]