英语讲义【28】人称代词主格与宾格的选择方法
<p> 英语中的人称代词（<span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Pronouns">Pronouns</span>）有主格、宾格和所有格之 分，如：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span>, <span word="me">me</span>, <span word="my">my</span> ; <span word="he">he</span>, <span word="him">him</span>, <span word="his">his</span> ; <span word="they">they</span>, <span word="them">them</span>,<span word="their">their</span>等。</p><p> 顾名思义，主格（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="nominative">nominative</span> <span word="case">case</span>）用作主语，宾格（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="objective">objective</span> <span word="case">case</span>）用作宾语，所有格（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="possessive">possessive</span> <span word="case">case</span>）则表示所有之物。</p><p> 在实际运用中，主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题：</p><p> ⒈在复合结构里，人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时，没有问题，如很少人会犯下这样的错误：</p><p> *（1）<span word="Wilcox">Wilcox</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="I">I</span>.</p><p> *（2）<span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>.</p><p> 但在复合结构中，错误就难免了，如：</p><p> *（3）<span word="Wilcox">Wilcox</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>.</p><p> *（4）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>.</p><p> *（5）<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span>.</p><p> 这种错误是可避免的。第一，在有介词的复合结构中，特别要注意，第二个人称代词，必须用宾语，如：<span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="me">me</span>和 <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Maria">Maria</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="him">him</span>.第二，试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来，那么该用的格就容易辨别了，如：</p><p> （6）<span word="This">This</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="for">for</span> （<span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="and">and</span>） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> （7）（<span word="Marry">Marry</span> <span word="and">and</span>） <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="downtown">downtown</span> <span word="together">together</span>.</p><p> 显然的，（5）里的代词是宾格的<span word="me">me</span>, （6）里的代词是主格的<span word="he">he</span>.</p>
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