英语讲义【18】特殊句子的被动语态
<p> 前两三期谈过了被动语态的变法及在什么情况下要用被动语态。</p><p> 这里要谈的是：如何处理某些句子的被动语态。</p><p> 先看看双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。</p><p> 大家知道，英语有些句子含有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。例如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guest">guest</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span> 里，就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语<span word="a">a</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span> ；另一个是间接宾语<span word="the">the</span> <span word="guest">guest</span>。</p><p> 在变成被动语态时，其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下，我们多以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语留在原位，如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="guest">guest</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="welome">welome</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> 。</p><p> 但是，如果重点在直接宾语，直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语，如：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="applicant">applicant</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="salary">salary</span>.要变成：</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="applicant">applicant</span>.</p><p> 接着，让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态，例如：</p><p> <span word="People">People</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span>.这句子可以<span word="it">it</span> 作为主语，然后，把名词分句移到句子后头去：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span>.</p><p> 另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语，接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词：</p>
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