英语讲义【32】形容词后缀不可乱加
<p> 下面这则广告中的形容词<span word="irresistable">irresistable</span>里的后缀（ <span word="suffix">suffix</span>）不对，应该把-<span word="able">able</span>改为-<span word="ible">ible</span>：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="offer">offer</span>: <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="salary">salary</span>, <span word="weekly">weekly</span> <span word="incentives">incentives</span>, <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="transport">transport</span> <span word="allowance">allowance</span>, <span word="incentive">incentive</span> <span word="trips">trips</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="irresistable">irresistable</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="bonus">bonus</span>.</p><p> 到底是-<span word="able">able</span>，还是-<span word="ible">ible</span>？这两者有何不同？</p><p> 现在先从形容词的其他后缀谈起。</p><p> 形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的；另一类是加到动词上的。</p><p> ㈠加到名词上的主要有：① -<span word="y">y</span>，如：<span word="bloody">bloody</span>, <span word="dirty">dirty</span>, <span word="healthy">healthy</span>, <span word="juicy">juicy</span>, <span word="muddy">muddy</span>； ② -<span word="ly">ly</span>，如：<span word="costly">costly</span>, <span word="friendly">friendly</span>, <span word="lovely">lovely</span>, <span word="orderly">orderly</span>, <span word="timely">timely</span>；③ -<span word="ful">ful</span>，如：<span word="careful">careful</span>, <span word="faithful">faithful</span>, <span word="helpful">helpful</span>, <span word="peaceful">peaceful</span>, <span word="useful">useful</span>；④ -<span word="less">less</span>，如：<span word="careless">careless</span>, <span word="harmless">harmless</span>, <span word="noiseless">noiseless</span>, <span word="senseless">senseless</span>, <span word="useless">useless</span>；⑤ -<span word="ous">ous</span>/-<span word="ious">ious</span>，如：<span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>; <span word="courageous">courageous</span>, <span word="envious">envious</span>, <span word="mysterious">mysterious</span>；⑥ -<span word="al">al</span>/-<span word="tal">tal</span>/-<span word="ial">ial</span>/-<span word="tial">tial</span>，如：<span word="accidental">accidental</span>, <span word="horizontal">horizontal</span>, <span word="colonial">colonial</span>, <span word="influential">influential</span>；⑦ -<span word="ic">ic</span>/-<span word="etic">etic</span>/-<span word="atic">atic</span>，如：<span word="artistic">artistic</span>, <span word="sympathetic">sympathetic</span>, <span word="systematic">systematic</span>；⑧ -<span word="ish">ish</span>，如：<span word="childish">childish</span>, <span word="foolish">foolish</span>, <span word="selfish">selfish</span>；⑨ -<span word="like">like</span>，如： <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="like">like</span>, <span word="business">business</span>-<span word="like">like</span>, <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="like">like</span>；⑩ -<span word="ed">ed</span>/-<span word="en">en</span>，如：<span word="skilled">skilled</span>, <span word="horned">horned</span>, <span word="golden">golden</span>, <span word="wooden">wooden</span>.</p><p> ㈡加到动词上的有：① -<span word="ent">ent</span>/-<span word="ant">ant</span>，如：<span word="dependent">dependent</span>, <span word="different">different</span>, <span word="observant">observant</span>, <span word="pleasant">pleasant</span>；② -<span word="able">able</span>/-<span word="ible">ible</span>，如： <span word="agreeable">agreeable</span>, <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span>, <span word="defensible">defensible</span>, <span word="sensible">sensible</span>；③ -<span word="ive">ive</span>/-<span word="tive">tive</span>/-<span word="ative">ative</span>/-<span word="itive">itive</span>，如：<span word="active">active</span>, <span word="attentive">attentive</span>, <span word="imaginative">imaginative</span>, <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span>；④ -<span word="ed">ed</span>/-<span word="en">en</span>，如：<span word="advanced">advanced</span>, <span word="noted">noted</span>, <span word="stolen">stolen</span>, <span word="swollen">swollen</span>；⑤ -<span word="ing">ing</span>，如：<span word="annoying">annoying</span>, <span word="disgusting">disgusting</span>, <span word="entertaining">entertaining</span>.</p>
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