英语讲义【33】省一省，句子更简练
<p> 一个完整的句子有两部分，即主语（<span word="subject">subject</span>）和谓语（ <span word="predicate">predicate</span>）。两部分不齐全或句中有省略之处，就叫省略句。省略句是英语，尤其是英语口语中常见的一种现象。</p><p> 句子中的主语或谓语成分，在恰当情况下，都可以省略。</p><p> 下列 7 种情况，可以有省略句：</p><p> ⒈省略主语，如：</p><p> ① <span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> !</p><p> ①里的<span word="I">I</span>被省略；②里的<span word="You">You</span>被省略。这种省略是必要的、正确的。</p><p> ⒉省略谓语动词和其他成分，如：</p><p> ③ <span word="Youth">Youth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sowing">sowing</span>; <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="reaping">reaping</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span>.</p><p> ③里省略了<span word="age">age</span>后头的<span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span>；④里比较副词分句的谓语<span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="class">class</span>不见了。当然。我们也可以用助动词 <span word="do">do</span>：<span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="do">do</span>.</p><p> ⒊省略接系动词<span word="Be">Be</span>，如：</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="John">John</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="His">His</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="alert">alert</span> ; <span word="his">his</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>, <span word="unbounded">unbounded</span>.</p><p> ⑤里<span word="John">John</span>后头的<span word="is">is</span>省掉了；⑥里的<span word="unbounded">unbounded</span>之前的<span word="is">is</span>也省了，而以逗号取代。</p><p> ⒋省略补足语，如：</p><p> ⑦ <span word="X">X</span>: <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="right">right</span>?</p><p> <span word="Y">Y</span>: <span word="Yes">Yes</span> , <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span>.</p><p> ⑧ <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="fond">fond</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="talking">talking</span>; <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="I">I</span>.</p>
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