英语讲义【31】代名词不出错
<p> 上一期谈到代名词的误用，特别是代名词的数和所指引的主语的数不符，使得后头谓语动词的数也跟着出差错，真是差之毫厘，失之千里，不可不察。</p><p> 这里要指出一些方向，以避免因代名词的错误而使句子的意思模糊不清。</p><p> 怎样避免代名词的错误呢？</p><p> ㈠不要用同个代名词指引两个性别一样的名词，如：</p><p> ① <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lin">Lin</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>.</p><p> 这里的 <span word="he">he</span> 既可指林先生，也可指李先生，含糊不清。应该改为 ②或③：</p><p> ② <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lin">Lin</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lin">Lin</span>, <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>.</p><p> ㈡避免把代名词和它所指引的名词隔开太远，如：</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="leaned">leaned</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bench">bench</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span>.</p><p> 这里的代词 <span word="it">it</span> 离开名词 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bench">bench</span> 太远，结果关系不清楚，因为在位置上，它更适合指引 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>.在这种情况下，只好避开 <span word="it">it</span>，而用名词，即 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bench">bench</span>.</p><p> ㈢避免滥用指示代词<span word="this">this</span>, <span word="that">that</span>或关系代词<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="which">which</span>, <span word="that">that</span>泛指上文的内容。例如：</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Toms">Toms</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="accountant">accountant</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="profession">profession</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="envies">envies</span>.</p><p> 这里的 <span word="this">this</span> 指<span word="accountant">accountant</span>。会计师是一种专业人士，和后头的专业（<span word="profession">profession</span>）并不相称，因此要把 <span word="this">this</span> 改为 <span word="accountancy">accountancy</span>（会计工作），才合句子的意思。</p>
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