英语讲义【21】连接词及其用法
<p> 在英语词类中，连接词可说是最容易掌握的一种。</p><p> 从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词（<span word="coordinating">coordinating</span> <span word="conjunctions">conjunctions</span>）和从属连词（<span word="subordinating">subordinating</span> <span word="conjunctions">conjunctions</span>）。</p><p> 并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如：（1） <span word="Air">Air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="indispensable">indispensable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> （2） <span word="She">She</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="outdoor">outdoor</span> <span word="games">games</span>.</p><p> （3） <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="income">income</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>.</p><p> 从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如：</p><p> （4） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> .</p><p> （5） <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span>.</p><p> （6） <span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span>.</p><p> 上述连词的用法，看起来不难，但错误也难免。下面是些好例子：</p><p> （1） <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reference">reference</span> <span word="book">book</span>.</p><p> 这里的<span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span>和<span word="both">both</span>不能搭配，应该将<span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> 改为<span word="and">and</span>，使<span word="bothand">bothand</span>变成关联连词（ <span word="correlative">correlative</span> <span word="conjunction">conjunction</span>）</p><p> （2） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="Mandarin">Mandarin</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="English">English</span>.</p><p> 这里的<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>应该移到<span word="speaks">speaks</span>后面，使这个动词兼顾两个等立宾语：<span word="Mandarin">Mandarin</span>和<span word="English">English</span>。</p><p> （3） <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fat">fat</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="weak">weak</span>.</p>
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