英语讲义【20】“义同形异”的常用词
<p> 上一期谈过了形式义异的混淆词，这期要谈义同形异的常用词。</p><p> １.<span word="Over">Over</span> / <span word="above">above</span></p><p> <span word="Over">Over</span>和<span word="above">above</span>这两个介词的意思是在.上面。我们可以说（1）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sky">sky</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="heads">heads</span>,也可以说（2）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sky">sky</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="heads">heads</span>.我们也可以说（3）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="Spread">Spread</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="handkerchief">handkerchief</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="face">face</span>.但不能说*（4）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="handkerchief">handkerchief</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="face">face</span>. 同样的，可以说（5）<span word="John">John</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="travelled">travelled</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>以及 （6）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="King">King</span> <span word="reigns">reigns</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="empire">empire</span>，但是（5）和（6）里的 <span word="over">over</span>却不可以<span word="above">above</span>取代。</p><p> ２.<span word="bring">bring</span> / <span word="take">take</span></p><p> <span word="Bring">Bring</span>和<span word="take">take</span>的意思相同，但用法并不一样。</p><p> <span word="Bring">Bring</span>指东西向说话的人的方向去，如：</p><p> （7） <span word="Bring">Bring</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="please">please</span>.</p><p> <span word="Take">Take</span>指东西向说话的人离去，如：</p><p> （8）<span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="me">me</span> .</p><p> 由此可见，<span word="bring">bring</span>和<span word="take">take</span>都表示东西要移动，只是方向不同：<span word="bring">bring</span>向说话者而来；<span word="take">take</span>向说话者而去。</p><p> ３.<span word="Certain">Certain</span> / <span word="sure">sure</span></p><p> <span word="Certain">Certain</span>和<span word="sure">sure</span>都含确定之意，只是在句中的用法有些不同。下列第九到十一的句子都对，但第十二的句子就不行了：</p><p> （9） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. / <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="today">today</span>.</p><p> （10） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>. / <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>?</p>
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