英语讲义【14】主动语态之形，被动语态之意
<p> 在《语态：主动与被动的关系》一文里，提到有些动词有主动语态之形，但却有被动语态之意。</p><p> 这些动词包括及物的（<span word="transitive">transitive</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>）、不及物的（ <span word="intransitive">intransitive</span> <span word="verbs">verbs</span>）、动名词（<span word="gerunds">gerunds</span>）和不定式动词（ <span word="infinitives">infinitives</span>）。这些动词很特别，但数目不多。例如：</p><p> Ⅰ及物动词 ① <span word="That">That</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="building">building</span> （= <span word="being">being</span> <span word="built">built</span>）.</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trumpets">trumpets</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sounding">sounding</span> （ = <span word="being">being</span> <span word="sounded">sounded</span>）.</p><p> ③ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="now">now</span> （= <span word="being">being</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="now">now</span>）.</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="guns">guns</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="firing">firing</span> （= <span word="being">being</span> <span word="fired">fired</span>）.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="drums">drums</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="beating">beating</span> （ = <span word="being">being</span> <span word="beaten">beaten</span>）.</p><p> Ⅱ不及物动词 ⑥ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="let">let</span>.</p><p> ⑦ <span word="Porcelain">Porcelain</span> <span word="sinks">sinks</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.</p><p> ⑧ <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="potatoes">potatoes</span> <span word="peel">peel</span> <span word="well">well</span>.</p><p> ⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。</p><p> Ⅲ动名词 ⑨ <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="cleaning">cleaning</span> （= <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span>）.</p><p> ⑩ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="servicing">servicing</span> （= <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="serviced">serviced</span>）.</p><p> 11. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="winding">winding</span> <span word="up">up</span> （ = <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="wound">wound</span> <span word="up">up</span>）.</p><p> 12. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="bears">bears</span> <span word="repeating">repeating</span> （= <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="repeated">repeated</span>）.</p><p> Ⅳ不定式动词 13. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="apartment">apartment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="let">let</span>.</p><p> 14. <span word="Give">Give</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chair">chair</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="down">down</span>.</p><p> 15. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="being">being</span>.</p>
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