英语讲义【24】间接引语的错误
<p> 在英语里，我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Direct">Direct</span> <span word="Speech">Speech</span>）；第二种是间接引语（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Indirect">Indirect</span> <span word="Speech">Speech</span>），也可叫<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Reported">Reported</span> <span word="Speech">Speech</span>）。</p><p> 从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变，不影响原意。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="then">then</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="me">me</span>, <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sing">sing</span>?</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sing">sing</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="Go">Go</span> <span word="out">out</span>! <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span>.</p><p> ①<span word="b">b</span>, ②<span word="b">b</span>, ③<span word="b">b</span>是间接引语，其形式和①<span word="a">a</span>, ②<span word="a">a</span>, ③<span word="a">a</span>不同。</p><p> 间接引语是种常见的句法，用得很多。正因为用得多，出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子：</p><p> ④ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.</p><p> 这里的副词<span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>要变成<span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>。理由是：间接引语里的时间副词或短语， 一般上要把其中的时间向前推，如： <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>; <span word="today">today</span>: <span word="that">that</span> <span word="day">day</span>; <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="before">before</span>; <span word="now">now</span>: <span word="then">then</span>; <span word="ago">ago</span>: <span word="before">before</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span> 等。</p><p> ⑤ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>.</p><p> 这里的<span word="is">is</span>要变成<span word="was">was</span>。须知：主句<span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span>和分句 <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词 <span word="asked">asked</span>是过去时态，分句的动词也要过去时态<span word="was">was</span>。此外，动词时态一般上也要推前，因此简单过去时态（<span word="Simple">Simple</span> <span word="Past">Past</span> <span word="Tense">Tense</span>）要变成过去完成时态（<span word="Past">Past</span> <span word="Perfect">Perfect</span> <span word="Tense">Tense</span>），如：<span word="went">went</span> : <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span>; <span word="left">left</span> : <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>.</p>
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