英语讲义【23】few a few 一 a 之别
<p> 下面是一句从一张餐馆广告中看到的话：</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="managing">managing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fine">fine</span> <span word="dining">dining</span> <span word="restaurant">restaurant</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="possess">possess</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="capability">capability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="organize">organize</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="banquet">banquet</span> <span word="functions">functions</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>.</p><p> 这句话很清楚，但是否有不妥之处？有！看起来是芝麻绿豆事，但却是关系到数目和数量的问题。</p><p> 英语里的数目词包括<span word="many">many</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>, <span word="few">few</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> 等。数量词是<span word="much">much</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span>等。前者和可数复数名词连用，如例①-③；后者则和不可数名词连用，如例④-⑥：</p><p> ① <span word="Jason">Jason</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="books">books</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="David">David</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span>?</p><p> ⑤ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="sugar">sugar</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="One">One</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>.</p><p> 在数目词中，有<span word="few">few</span>和<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>两个。看似相同，其实差别甚大，一不小心，可能有错。例如：</p><p> ⑦ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="minister">minister</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="Singapore">Singapore</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span>.</p><p> ⑧ <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="fluently">fluently</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="well">well</span>.</p><p> 显然，⑦里的<span word="few">few</span>和⑧里的<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>要对换，才符合全句的意思。</p><p> <span word="Few">Few</span>的意思是<span word="not">not</span> <span word="many">many</span>（ 不多；少）；反义词是<span word="many">many</span> 。<span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span>的意思是<span word="some">some</span>（一些）；反义词里<span word="none">none</span>（没有）。例如：</p>
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