英语讲义【2】动词的运用有学问
<p> 英语的动词必须在人称（<span word="person">person</span>）、数目（<span word="number">number</span>）、性别（ <span word="gender">gender</span>）和格（<span word="case">case</span>）这些方面和主语取得一致或互相呼应。</p><p> 在学生的英文作文中，动词与主语呼应上的错误，经常出现。</p><p> 下面这句话来自一个重要的公共部门的通告，里面也出现了动词与主语不一致的错误：</p><p> <span word="ABC">ABC</span> <span word="corporation">corporation</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="subsidiary">subsidiary</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="operations">operations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="departments">departments</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="XXX">XXX</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1 <span word="october">october</span> 1995.</p><p> 这里的主语是<span word="ABC">ABC</span> <span word="corporation">corporation</span>，它是单数的，动词也应该是单数的 <span word="has">has</span>，不是复数的 <span word="have">have</span>，因此犯了动词与主语不对应的错误。</p><p> 既然这是个常见的错误，我们便要特别留意，并且记住下面这些指导原则：</p><p> ●动词和主语在人称和数目上要一致，如：</p><p> ① <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="Helen">Helen</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="editor">editor</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="future">future</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Chen">Chen</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="English">English</span>.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="burnt">burnt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="deserted">deserted</span> <span word="hut">hut</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="demolished">demolished</span>.</p><p> ●两个或两个以上的单数主语由连接词<span word="and">and</span>贯串起来时，便成了复数，动词也要复数，如：</p><p> ⑦ <span word="David">David</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Jason">Jason</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>.</p>
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