英语讲义【30】代名词的错误
<p> <span word="Everything">Everything</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="menu">menu</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="prepared">prepared</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="delivered">delivered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span> <span word="outlet">outlet</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="Jurong">Jurong</span>.</p><p> 从信箱里的一张小食店广告信息中发现上述句子中一个常见的语法错误。你是否也观察出来呢？</p><p> 这错误在第二等立分句的主语上：<span word="they">they</span>.</p><p> 大家知道，<span word="they">they</span> 是句中的代名词（<span word="pronoun">pronoun</span>）。在这里，它是代替第一等立分句中的主语 <span word="everything">everything</span>.<span word="Everything">Everything</span> 是个单数代名词；<span word="they">they</span> 是复数的，两个怎么可以相通呢？</p><p> 在语法上，代名词在取代名词或当名词的词时，必须在人称（ <span word="person">person</span>）、数目（<span word="number">number</span>）、性别（<span word="gender">gender</span>）和格（<span word="case">case</span>）这几方面相称才行。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="plucked">plucked</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grey">grey</span> <span word="hair">hair</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="head">head</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="They">They</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="funds">funds</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Jason">Jason</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="restrict">restrict</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>.</p><p> 如果脑子里没有这些语法概念，便会犯上误用代名词的错误。本文上面所指的 <span word="they">they</span> 便是最好的例子。</p><p> 除了 <span word="everything">everything</span> 之外，<span word="anything">anything</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span>, <span word="everyone">everyone</span>, <span word="someone">someone</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>, <span word="somebody">somebody</span>, <span word="nobody">nobody</span>, <span word="anybody">anybody</span>, <span word="anyone">anyone</span> 和 <span word="each">each</span> 等代名词也都是单数的。如果要用其他代名词取代它们，也必须是单数的才可以，而且后面的谓语动词也要搭配。就此而论，文中的 <span word="they">they</span> 是不对的，必须改为单数代名词 <span word="it">it</span>；同时后头的谓语动词也要变成单数的 <span word="is">is</span>.这样一来，两个等立分句就很相称了。</p>
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