［动词的时态］比较一般过去时与现在完成时
<p> 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。</p><p> 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。</p><p> 一般过去时的时间状语：<span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>， <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>，<span word="ago">ago</span>， <span word="in">in</span>1980， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="October">October</span>， <span word="just">just</span> <span word="now">now</span>等，皆为具体的时间状语。</p><p> 现在完成时的时间状语：<span word="for">for</span>， <span word="since">since</span>， <span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>， <span word="ever">ever</span>， <span word="never">never</span>， <span word="just">just</span>， <span word="yet">yet</span>， <span word="till">till</span>/<span word="until">until</span>， <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="now">now</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="years">years</span>， <span word="always">always</span>等，皆不确定的时间状语。</p><p> 共同的时间状语：<span word="this">this</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>， <span word="tonight">tonight</span>， <span word="this">this</span> <span word="April">April</span>， <span word="now">now</span>， <span word="already">already</span>， <span word="recently">recently</span>， <span word="lately">lately</span> 等。</p><p> 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如<span word="live">live</span>， <span word="teach">teach</span>， <span word="learn">learn</span>， <span word="work">work</span>， <span word="study">study</span>， <span word="know">know</span>.。</p><p> 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有<span word="come">come</span>， <span word="go">go</span>， <span word="leave">leave</span>， <span word="start">start</span>， <span word="die">die</span>， <span word="finish">finish</span>， <span word="become">become</span>， <span word="get">get</span> <span word="married">married</span>等。例如：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. （强调看的动作发生过了）</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="film">film</span>. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）</p><p> <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="early">early</span>？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了）</p><p> <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="hasnt">hasnt</span> <span word="handed">handed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>？ （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）</p>
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