［情态动词］情态动词+ have +过去分词
<p> 1） <span word="may">may</span>（<span word="might">might</span>） <span word="have">have</span> + <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>， <span word="can">can</span> （<span word="could">could</span>） <span word="have">have</span> + <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span> 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：</p><p> <span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="may">may</span> （<span word="might">might</span>） <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="accident">accident</span>. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。</p><p> <span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="can">can</span> （<span word="could">could</span>） <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="accident">accident</span>.</p><p> 2） <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> +<span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。例如：</p><p> <span word="Linda">Linda</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="bicycle">bicycle</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>.肯定乘巴士去的。</p><p> 3） <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>， <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了.例如：</p><p> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> （<span word="should">should</span>） <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span>. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="away">away</span>.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）</p><p> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> 在语气上比<span word="should">should</span> 要强。</p><p> 4） <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="dressed">dressed</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="warmly">warmly</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="so">so</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hot">hot</span>.</p><p> 旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。</p>
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