2007年英语阅读基本功之难句过关大全
<p> 第一章 定语从句</p><p> 英语和汉语中的定语有很大的不同。汉语中定语只能前置,而英语中定语既可前置也可后置。两者的不同,不仅表现在结构上,也表现在意义上。英语中的定语从句有时从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对中心词加以限定。因此,在对语法结构、上下文逻辑关系深刻理解的前提下,为了更明确地表明这种逻辑关系,可以将定语从句翻译成相应的状语从句。同时值得注意的是,定语从句与中心词之间常有分割成分,而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词,常常会被误认为定语从句的中心词。</p><p> 因此,遇到这种结构,一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。翻译定语从句时可采用提前译、顺序译、分译或转译等多种方法。</p><p> 1. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="instances">instances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="operated">operated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manner">manner</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exceedingly">exceedingly</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="resistance">resistance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="investigation">investigation</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="elapsed">elapsed</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="resistance">resistance</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cosmology">cosmology</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>.</p><p> 第一层： <span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> , 状语从句1 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> 主 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span> 定 <span word="shows">shows</span> 谓 <span word="many">many</span> 定 <span word="instances">instances</span> 宾 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="operated">operated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manner">manner</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exceedingly">exceedingly</span> <span word="power">power</span>- 定语从句 <span word="ful">ful</span> <span word="resistance">resistance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="investigation">investigation</span> ; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> 状 <span word="centuries">centuries</span> 主 <span word="elapsed">elapsed</span> 谓 <span word="before">before</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="resistance">resistance</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="as">as</span> 状语从句2 <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cosmology">cosmology</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>.</p>
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