英语阅读基本功—长难句过关(5)
<p> <span word="Exercise">Exercise</span></p><p> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="beings">beings</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="distinguished">distinguished</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="ensured">ensured</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>.</p><p> <span word="These">These</span> <span word="expenses">expenses</span> , <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="involve">involve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rent">rent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="office">office</span> , <span word="expenses">expenses</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="stationary">stationary</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="possibly">possibly</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span>.</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="assume">assume</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tropics">tropics</span> , <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="worn">worn</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="verbally">verbally</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 要点分析和参考译文</p><p> 要点：此句为一个多层次的并列结构，<span word="by">by</span> 以前的部分为句子的主体部分，由<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个并列的分句组成。第二个分句的主语和一部分谓语省略了以避免重复。<span word="In">In</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span>可以理解为<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="distinguished">distinguished</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>.第二个分局的完整句子应为<span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span> （<span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span>） <span word="ensured">ensured</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>.<span word="By">By</span> 所引导的短语里<span word="ability">ability</span>带了多个动词不定式做修饰，这些不定式又存在着一个并列的结构，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="and">and</span> （<span word="to">to</span>） <span word="understand">understand</span>与<span word="eitheror">eitheror</span>引导的<span word="to">to</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="and">and</span> （<span word="to">to</span>） <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="it">it</span>得并列，<span word="and">and</span>连接。</p><p> 参考译文：人类已把自己和其他动物区别开了。人类具有观察和了解周围环境的能力，能适应环境，控制环境和根据自己的需要改造环境。人类就是这样生存了下来。</p>
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