代词精讲(11)
<p>3.11 关系代词</p><p> 1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="cousin">cousin</span>. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。</p><p> 该句中<span word="whom">whom</span>既代表先行词<span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>，又在从句中作介词<span word="to">to</span>的宾语。</p><p> 2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，<span word="that">that</span> 可指人也可指物，见表：</p><p> 指人</p><p> 指物</p><p> 指人或指物</p><p> 主 格</p><p> <span word="who">who</span></p><p> <span word="which">which</span></p><p> <span word="that">that</span></p><p> 宾 格</p><p> <span word="who">who</span>m</p><p> <span word="that">that</span></p><p> <span word="that">that</span></p><p> 属 格</p><p> <span word="who">who</span>se</p><p> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whose">whose</span></p><p> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whose">whose</span></p><p> 例如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="broken">broken</span>. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。（<span word="whose">whose</span> 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语）</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="forgotten">forgotten</span>. 他回来取他丢下的书。（<span word="which">which</span>指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）</p><p> 说明：非限定性定语从句中，不能用<span word="that">that</span>作关系代词。</p><p> 3） 关系代词<span word="which">which</span>的先行词可以是一个句子。例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lie">lie</span>. 他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。</p>
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