英语讲义【11】语态被动有方
<p> 英语动词有主动语态（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>）和被动语态（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="passive">passive</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>）两种形式。如果主语是谓语动词的主宰，这就是主动语态；如果宾语成为动作的执行者，这就是被动语态。</p><p> 在下列两个句子中，（<span word="a">a</span>）是主动语态，（<span word="b">b</span>）是被动语态。</p><p> ① <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="invite">invite</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>.</p><p> 主动转被动语态的步骤</p><p> 从主动语态转换为被动语态时，必须按照下列步骤进行：</p><p> ⒈把谓语动词后头的宾语移到句首当主语。如果没有宾语或者不是宾语的句子成分， 就没有新主语；这句话也就不能有被动语态了。</p><p> ⒉如果有两个宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语），只要把其中一个变成主语即可， 其他一个保留在原位。</p><p> ⒊用助动词<span word="be">be</span> + 过去分词的动词形式，并和主语的人称、数目配合；动词时态也要和主动语态里的配合。</p><p> ⒋如果主动语态中有语气动词（如：<span word="must">must</span>, <span word="can">can</span>, <span word="should">should</span>）等，就以这个语气动词和<span word="be">be</span> + 过去分词连用。</p><p> ⒌把主动语态里的主语移到句末， 但要在它前面加上介词<span word="by">by</span> 。通常，这个<span word="by">by</span> + 主语的短语，都被省略了。</p>
页:
[1]