英语讲义【8】英语多义词
<p> 随着科技的突飞猛进以及电脑资讯的普及，科学术语、电脑词汇与日俱增；即使同一个字，有时意思在增加，用途也在扩大。工业或行政上的 <span word="input">input</span> 和 <span word="output">output</span> 和电脑上的意思，哪会完全相同？小孩时期看到在地上跑的 <span word="mouse">mouse</span> 和现在出现在电脑旁的 <span word="mouse">mouse</span>，形状相似，但意思也一样吗？</p><p> 不说特殊用语，就是天天见面的常用字，不管是名词、形容词、动词或副词，十九都是多义词，甚至是多种词类的，既可当名词、动词，又可当形容词，甚至副词。</p><p> 关于这点，《英语词汇：意思和用法》一文中已举例说明，大家应该记忆犹新，不再重复。</p><p> 由于一词多义在英语词汇的运用上非常重要，这里不厌其烦地再举一个家喻户晓的常用字 <span word="break">break</span>，以加强我对这点的重视。</p><p> 作为动词，<span word="break">break</span> 有下列 12 个常用意思：</p><p> ① 打破、断，如：（<span word="a">a</span>） <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cup">cup</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="it">it</span>. （<span word="b">b</span>） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rope">rope</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="broke">broke</span>.</p><p> ② 违反、违约，如：（<span word="a">a</span>） <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span>. （<span word="b">b</span>） <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="notorious">notorious</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="breaking">breaking</span> <span word="promises">promises</span>.</p><p> ③ 伤、毁，如：（<span word="a">a</span>） <span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="Janes">Janes</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="marrying">marrying</span> <span word="her">her</span>. （<span word="b">b</span>） <span word="Judy">Judy</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> ④ 中断、打断，如：（<span word="a">a</span>） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="barking">barking</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. （<span word="b">b</span>） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="stranger">stranger</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>.</p>
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