小升初英语语法：this，that和it
<p> (1)<span word="this">this</span>和<span word="that">that</span>是指示代词，<span word="it">it</span>是人称代词。</p><p> (2)距离说话人近的人或物用<span word="this">this</span>, 距离说话人远的人或物用<span word="that">that</span>。如： <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flower">flower</span>. 这是一朵花。(近处)</p><p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. 那是一棵树。(远处)</p><p> (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说<span word="this">this</span>, 后说<span word="that">that</span>。如：</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span>. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。</p><p> (4)向别人介绍某人时说<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span>, 不说<span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span>。如：</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Helen">Helen</span>. <span word="Helen">Helen</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。</p><p> (5)<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> 不能缩写, 而<span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span>可以缩写。如：</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bike">bike</span>. <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span>. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。</p><p> (6)打电话时，介绍自己用<span word="this">this</span>, 询问对方用<span word="that">that</span>。如：</p><p> -<span word="Hello">Hello</span>! <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Miss">Miss</span> <span word="Green">Green</span>? 喂，是格林小姐吗?</p><p> -<span word="Yes">Yes</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="Whos">Whos</span> <span word="that">that</span>? 是的，我是，你是谁?</p><p> 注意：虽然汉语中使用我和你，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span>, <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span>?/<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span>?</p><p> (7)在回答<span word="this">this</span>或<span word="that">that</span>作主语的疑问句时, 要用<span word="it">it</span>代替<span word="this">this</span>或<span word="that">that</span>。如：</p><p> ①-<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="notebook">notebook</span>? 这是笔记本吗?</p><p> -<span word="Yes">Yes</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 是的，它是。</p><p> ②-<span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="that">that</span>? 那是什么?</p>
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