中考英语：走出“主谓一致”的三大误区
<p>误区一 误认主语</p><p> 1. 倒装句</p><p> ①<span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. (×）</p><p> ②<span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. (√)</p><p> [解析] 第①句谓语动词使用<span word="are">are</span>，错误地认为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>是该句的主语，但实际上是介词<span word="between">between</span>的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>.因此第②句正确。</p><p> 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语</p><p> 2. 主语之后带有介词短语</p><p> ①<span word="The">The</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span>, <span word="oranges">oranges</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="health">health</span>. (×）</p><p> ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span>, <span word="oranges">oranges</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="health">health</span>. (√)</p><p> [解析] 第①句误认为<span word="apples">apples</span>, <span word="oranges">oranges</span>是主语，因此谓语动词用<span word="are">are</span>，而实际上<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span>才是该句的主语，<span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span>，<span word="oranges">oranges</span>是介词短语作后置定语修饰<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span>.该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。</p><p> 特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+<span word="with">with</span> / <span word="like">like</span> / <span word="except">except</span> / <span word="but">but</span> / <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> / <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。</p><p> 3. <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> . . . + 名词复数或复数代词</p><p> ①<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span>. (×）</p>
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