09中考必看之语法大串讲+短语大汇总（二）
<p> 二．知识讲解</p><p> 【名词】</p><p> 1．名词的可数与不可数</p><p> 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词<span word="a">a</span>、<span word="an">an</span>来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示一个这一概念，就须加<span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span>这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：<span word="chalk">chalk</span>，<span word="paper">paper</span>，<span word="bread">bread</span>，<span word="rice">rice</span>，<span word="grass">grass</span>，<span word="news">news</span>等。</p><p> 2．名词的复数</p><p> （1）规则变化</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>．一般情况下加-<span word="s">s</span>。</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．以<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="x">x</span>, <span word="ch">ch</span>, <span word="sh">sh</span>, 结尾的加-<span word="es">es</span>。</p><p> 如：<span word="bus">bus</span>---<span word="buses">buses</span>，<span word="box">box</span>---<span word="boxes">boxes</span>，<span word="watch">watch</span>---<span word="watches">watches</span>，<span word="brush">brush</span>---<span word="brushes">brushes</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>．以辅音字母加<span word="y">y</span>结尾的改<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>再加-<span word="es">es</span>。</p><p> 如：<span word="city">city</span>---<span word="cities">cities</span>，<span word="country">country</span>---<span word="countries">countries</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>．以<span word="f">f</span>，<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的，去掉<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>，变成<span word="v">v</span>再加-<span word="es">es</span>。</p><p> （2）不规则变化</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>．元音发生变化。</p><p> 如：<span word="man">man</span>---<span word="men">men</span>，<span word="woman">woman</span>---<span word="women">women</span>，<span word="foot">foot</span>---<span word="feet">feet</span>，<span word="tooth">tooth</span>---<span word="teeth">teeth</span>，<span word="mouse">mouse</span>---<span word="mice">mice</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．词尾发生变化。</p><p> 如：<span word="child">child</span>---<span word="children">children</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>．单、复数同形。</p>
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