2009年中考英语复习专题：动词(一) 知识概要
<p>?动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。③ 助动词和情态动词。④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。?时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。</p><p>?1? 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，① 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：<span word="Matter">Matter</span> <span word="exists">exists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="states">states</span>物质有三态。又如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>? ?② 表?示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="at">at</span> 9∶３０? ③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：<span word="As">As</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p>?2? 一般过去时：① 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>? ② 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="six">six</span>.</p><p>? 3? 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式① 用ｗ<span word="ill">ill</span> (<span word="shall">shall</span>)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：<span word="School">School</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sepember">Sepember</span> 1<span word="st">st</span>? ② 用<span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span>+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：?<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span>? <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="swim">swim</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>? ③ <span word="be">be</span>+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：?<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span>? <span word="coming">coming</span>。这些动词只限于：<span word="go">go</span>, <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="leave">leave</span>, <span word="start">start</span>, <span word="move">move</span>, <span word="sail">sail</span>, <span word="arrive">arrive</span>, <span word="reach">reach</span>, <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span>等动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。</p>
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