2009英语中考备考复习之主动语态变被动语态
<p> 被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词<span word="be">be</span>的变化上，同时助动词<span word="be">be</span>还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：<span word="a">a</span>. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。<span word="b">b</span>. 把谓语变成被动结构(<span word="be">be</span>＋过去分词) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定<span word="be">be</span>的形式。<span word="c">c</span>. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词<span word="by">by</span>之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，<span word="by">by</span>短语可以省略。例如：</p><p> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="laughed">laughed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="him">him</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="laughed">laughed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bikes">bikes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factory">factory</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bikes">bikes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factory">factory</span>.</p><p> 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词<span word="to">to</span>，有时加<span word="for">for</span>。例如：</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span>.</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> (<span word="by">by</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="father">father</span>) <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span>. (间接宾语作了主语)</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> (<span word="by">by</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="father">father</span>) <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span>. (直接宾语作了主语)</p>
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