浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词
<p>一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念</p><p> 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。</p><p> 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：<span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="stand">stand</span>, <span word="lie">lie</span>, <span word="know">know</span>, <span word="walk">walk</span>, <span word="keep">keep</span>, <span word="have">have</span>, <span word="wait">wait</span>, <span word="watch">watch</span>, <span word="sing">sing</span>, <span word="read">read</span>, <span word="sleep">sleep</span>, <span word="live">live</span>, <span word="stay">stay</span>等。</p><p> 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如<span word="open">open</span>, <span word="close">close</span>, <span word="finish">finish</span>, <span word="begin">begin</span>, <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="go">go</span>, <span word="arrive">arrive</span>, <span word="reach">reach</span>, <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="leave">leave</span>, <span word="move">move</span>, <span word="borrow">borrow</span>,<span word="buy">buy</span>等。</p><p>二、延续性动词的用法特征</p><p> 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：<span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span>等。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="here">here</span>.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。</p><p> 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="raind">raind</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.(误) <span word="rain">rain</span>为延续性动词，而<span word="at">at</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助<span word="come">come</span>, <span word="begin">begin</span>, <span word="get">get</span>等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.(正)又如：</p><p> -<span word="When">When</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span>?</p>
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