中考英语考点解析--被动语态
<p> 一、被动语态用于以下几种情况</p><p> 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如：</p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="city">city</span>.</p><p> 2. 强调动作的承受者。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>.</p><p> 3. 动作执行者有比较长的修饰语。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wished">wished</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>.</p><p> 4. 出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者。如：</p><p> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="requested">requested</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>.</p><p> 二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别</p><p> 1. 系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态；而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较：</p><p> <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="surrounded">surrounded</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>.（系表）</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sunday">Sunday</span>.（被动）</p><p> 2. 系表结构不能带有<span word="by">by</span>引导的短语；而被动结构中可以用<span word="by">by</span>引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="written">written</span>. （系表）</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>.（被动）</p><p> 三、使用被动语态应注意的几点</p><p> 1. 带双宾语的主动结构的句子，变为被动语态结构时，只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语，要在间接宾语之前加上介词<span word="to">to</span>或<span word="for">for</span>.如：</p>
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