初中英语知识点解析:词类和句子成分的关系（三）
<p> 7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：<span word="often">often</span> , <span word="always">always</span> , <span word="usually">usually</span>等作状语放在事义动词之前，<span word="be">be</span> /助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。</p><p> 1)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="well">well</span>. (副词<span word="well">well</span>作状语，修饰动词<span word="learn">learn</span>)</p><p> 2)<span word="My">My</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>. (副词<span word="often">often</span>作状语，修饰动词<span word="tell">tell</span>)</p><p> 3)<span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sundays">Sundays</span>. (副词<span word="usually">usually</span>以及介词短语<span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sundays">Sundays</span>作状语，修饰动词<span word="goes">goes</span>)</p><p> 4)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. (名词词组<span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>作状语，修饰动词<span word="will">will</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>)</p><p> 5)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>. (动词不定式<span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>作目的状语，</p><p> 6)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> (现在分词短语<span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>作状语修饰动词<span word="sat">sat</span>)</p><p> 7)<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="German">German</span>. (条件状语从句<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="time">time</span>作状语)</p><p> 三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词性和成分。</p><p> 在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。</p>
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