初中英语知识点解析:词类和句子成分的关系（二）
<p> 2．谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：</p><p> 1)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="September">September</span> 1<span word="st">st</span> .(行为动词作谓语)</p><p> 2)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="tired">tired</span>. (连系动词作谓语)</p><p> 3)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>. (行为动词作谓语)</p><p> 3．宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如：</p><p> 1)<span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="Ling">Ling</span> <span word="lent">lent</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>. (代词<span word="me">me</span>作间接宾语；名词<span word="a">a</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>作直接宾语)</p><p> 2)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cough">cough</span>. ( 名词<span word="a">a</span> <span word="cough">cough</span>作介词宾语)</p><p> 3)<span word="My">My</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>. (不定式<span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>作动词<span word="likes">likes</span> 的宾语)</p><p> 4)<span word="His">His</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="chess">chess</span>. (动词名词<span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="chess">chess</span>作介词宾语)</p><p> 5)<span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>? (<span word="coming">coming</span>作动词宾语)</p><p> 4．宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分）：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种基本句型五）</p><p> 5．表语：在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种基本句型三）</p>
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