英语中名词性从句引导词细辨
<p> 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句都属于名词性从句范畴。引导这些从句的连词大体上相同,但是部分学生对其中某些连词之间的区别还不甚清楚。此外连词之间的差异也一直是各类英语试题的命题热点。本文就这些易错易混的连词谈谈它们的用法区别。</p><p> </p><p> 一、<span word="that">that</span>,<span word="what">what</span>和<span word="which">which</span></p><p> 1. <span word="that">that</span>引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点:</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. 引导宾语从句时,<span word="that">that</span>常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个<span word="that">that</span>;若宾语从句前插有别的从句时,<span word="that">that</span>也不能省略。例如:</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="free">free</span>. 他告诉我说他很好,并说在他有空时来看我。</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="that">that</span>引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语,而<span word="that">that</span>从句置于句末, 这时<span word="that">that</span>可以省略。例如:</p><p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="true">true</span>. 他丢了工作不是真的。</p><p> =<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="true">true</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="work">work</span>.</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>.当主语为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span>时,注意应用<span word="that">that</span> 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用<span word="because">because</span>。例如:</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="missed">missed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.(此句中的<span word="that">that</span>不可用<span word="because">because</span>代替)</p>
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