中考英语语法：主谓一致问题
<p>1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>.（计算机是个了不起的发明）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）2、集体名词（如<span word="family">family</span>, <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="team">team</span>, <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="row">row</span>, <span word="police">police</span>, <span word="school">school</span>等）做句子主语时，① 如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="class">class</span>.（三班是好班）② 如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="map">map</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>.（三班有张中国地图）3、<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>, <span word="fish">fish</span>, <span word="sheep">sheep</span>, <span word="people">people</span>等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>.（院子里有只绵羊）<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>.（院子里有一些绵羊）4、<span word="maths">maths</span>, <span word="news">news</span>等虽然有<span word="s">s</span>结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span>. （这个消息令人兴奋）5、<span word="glasses">glasses</span>, <span word="shoes">shoes</span>, <span word="socks">socks</span>, <span word="trousers">trousers</span>, <span word="gloves">gloves</span>等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="trousers">trousers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="them">them</span>.（裤子很便宜，我想买）6、<span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式，跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="baseball">baseball</span> <span word="now">now</span>.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="work">work</span>.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句）7、<span word="and">and</span> 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="picking">picking</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="now">now</span>.（老师和他的儿子在摘苹果）<span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chips">chips</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="food">food</span>. （鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品）8、 <span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span> 句型中<span word="be">be</span>的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="chairs">chairs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子）9、用<span word="bothand">bothand</span>连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。如：<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.（你和我明天要求都来）10、主语中含有<span word="with">with</span>的短语时，谓语单复数由<span word="with">with</span>之前的人物决定。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> 7-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>. （一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子（当时）就站在路边）11、<span word="eitheror">eitheror</span>或者 <span word="neithernor">neithernor</span>连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。如：<span word="Either">Either</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span>.（要么是你对，要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的）<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="there">there</span>.（你和我都不打算去那里）12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。如：<span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="time">time</span>.（两个月不是个短时间）<span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="kilometers">kilometers</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="distance">distance</span>（距离）。（两千千米是相当长的一段距离）13、主语中含有<span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> / <span word="three">three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> / <span word="all">all</span> (<span word="of">of</span>) <span word="the">the</span> 等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，如：<span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Internet">Internet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>.（因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lake">lake</span>.（学生的三分之一（当时）正在湖边玩耍）<span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>.（这些河流中的水已经被污染了）（被动句）但是，<span word="population">population</span>一词又有特殊情况：<span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>?（中国人口是多少？）（句子用单数）<span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Arabs">Arabs</span>（阿拉伯人）。（这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用复数）1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>.（计算机是个了不起的发明）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）2、集体名词（如<span word="family">family</span>, <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="team">team</span>, <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="row">row</span>, <span word="police">police</span>, <span word="school">school</span>等）做句子主语时，① 如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="class">class</span>.（三班是好班）② 如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="map">map</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>.（三班有张中国地图）3、<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>, <span word="fish">fish</span>, <span word="sheep">sheep</span>, <span word="people">people</span>等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>.（院子里有只绵羊）<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>.（院子里有一些绵羊）4、<span word="maths">maths</span>, <span word="news">news</span>等虽然有<span word="s">s</span>结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span>. （这个消息令人兴奋）5、<span word="glasses">glasses</span>, <span word="shoes">shoes</span>, <span word="socks">socks</span>, <span word="trousers">trousers</span>, <span word="gloves">gloves</span>等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="trousers">trousers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="them">them</span>.（裤子很便宜，我想买）6、<span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式，跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="baseball">baseball</span> <span word="now">now</span>.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="work">work</span>.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句）7、<span word="and">and</span> 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="picking">picking</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="now">now</span>.（老师和他的儿子在摘苹果）<span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chips">chips</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="food">food</span>. （鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品）8、 <span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span> 句型中<span word="be">be</span>的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="chairs">chairs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子）9、用<span word="bothand">bothand</span>连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。如：<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.（你和我明天要求都来）10、主语中含有<span word="with">with</span>的短语时，谓语单复数由<span word="with">with</span>之前的人物决定。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> 7-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>. （一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子（当时）就站在路边）11、<span word="eitheror">eitheror</span>或者 <span word="neithernor">neithernor</span>连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。如：<span word="Either">Either</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span>.（要么是你对，要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的）<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="there">there</span>.（你和我都不打算去那里）12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。如：<span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="time">time</span>.（两个月不是个短时间）<span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="kilometers">kilometers</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="distance">distance</span>（距离）。（两千千米是相当长的一段距离）13、主语中含有<span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> / <span word="three">three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> / <span word="all">all</span> (<span word="of">of</span>) <span word="the">the</span> 等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，如：<span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Internet">Internet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>.（因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lake">lake</span>.（学生的三分之一（当时）正在湖边玩耍）<span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>.（这些河流中的水已经被污染了）（被动句）但是，<span word="population">population</span>一词又有特殊情况：<span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>?（中国人口是多少？）（句子用单数）<span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Arabs">Arabs</span>（阿拉伯人）。（这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用复数）</p>
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