中考英语语法：名词概述
<p>一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：<span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>, <span word="Tom">Tom</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Peoples">Peoples</span> <span word="Republic">Republic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Wall">Wall</span>(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)，如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Greens">Greens</span>(格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：<span word="pupil">pupil</span>, <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="man">man</span>, <span word="foot">foot</span>.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词，如：<span word="box">box</span>, <span word="child">child</span>, <span word="orange">orange</span>；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：<span word="water">water</span>, <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="oil">oil</span>, <span word="population">population</span>, <span word="information">information</span>.二、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加<span word="s">s</span>。如：<span word="mapmaps">mapmaps</span>, <span word="boyboys">boyboys</span>, <span word="horsehorses">horsehorses</span>, <span word="tabletables">tabletables</span>.②<span word="s">s</span>,<span word="o">o</span>,<span word="x">x</span>,<span word="sh">sh</span>,<span word="ch">ch</span>结尾的词加<span word="es">es</span>。如：<span word="classclasses">classclasses</span>, <span word="boxboxes">boxboxes</span>, <span word="heroheroes">heroheroes</span>, <span word="dishdishes">dishdishes</span>, <span word="benchbenches">benchbenches</span>.【注】少数以<span word="o">o</span>结尾的词，变复数时只加<span word="s">s</span>。如：<span word="photophotos">photophotos</span>, <span word="pianopianos">pianopianos</span>.③以辅音字母加<span word="y">y</span>结尾的名词，变<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>，再加<span word="es">es</span>。如：<span word="familyfamilies">familyfamilies</span>, <span word="citycities">citycities</span>, <span word="partyparties">partyparties</span>.④以<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的名词，变<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>为<span word="v">v</span>，再加<span word="es">es</span>。如：<span word="shelfshelves">shelfshelves</span>, <span word="wolfwolves">wolfwolves</span>, <span word="lifelives">lifelives</span>, <span word="knifeknives">knifeknives</span>.2、不规则变化：<span word="manmen">manmen</span>, <span word="womanwomen">womanwomen</span>, <span word="sheepsheep">sheepsheep</span>,<span word="toothteeth">toothteeth</span>, <span word="fishfish">fishfish</span>, <span word="childchildren">childchildren</span>, <span word="oxoxen">oxoxen</span>, <span word="goosegeese">goosegeese</span>不可数名词一般没有复数形式，说明其数量时，要用有关计量名词。如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="bag">bag</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ricetwo">ricetwo</span> <span word="bags">bags</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rice">rice</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paperthree">paperthree</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="milkfive">milkfive</span> <span word="bottles">bottles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="milk">milk</span>.</p>
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