中考英语语法：词类、句子成分
<p>一、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词（<span word="n">n</span>.）： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：<span word="boy">boy</span>, <span word="morning">morning</span>, <span word="bag">bag</span>, <span word="ball">ball</span>, <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="orange">orange</span>.2、代词（<span word="pron">pron</span>.）： 主要用来代替名词。如：<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="she">she</span>, <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="it">it</span> .3、形容词（<span word="adj">adj</span>）：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：<span word="good">good</span>, <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="white">white</span>, <span word="orange">orange</span> .4、数词（<span word="num">num</span>.）： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：<span word="one">one</span>, <span word="two">two</span>, <span word="three">three</span>, <span word="first">first</span>, <span word="second">second</span>, <span word="third">third</span>, <span word="fourth">fourth</span>.5、动词（<span word="v">v</span>.）： 表示动作或状态。如：<span word="am">am</span>, <span word="is">is</span>,<span word="are">are</span>,<span word="have">have</span>,<span word="see">see</span> .6、副词（<span word="adv">adv</span>.）： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。如：<span word="now">now</span>, <span word="very">very</span>, <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="often">often</span>, <span word="quietly">quietly</span>, <span word="slowly">slowly</span>.7、冠词（<span word="art">art</span>）：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：<span word="a">a</span>, <span word="an">an</span>, <span word="the">the</span>.8、介词（<span word="prep">prep</span>.）： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如<span word="in">in</span>, <span word="on">on</span>, <span word="from">from</span>, <span word="above">above</span>, <span word="behind">behind</span>.9、连词（<span word="conj">conj</span>.）： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如<span word="and">and</span>, <span word="but">but</span>, <span word="before">before</span> .10、感叹词（<span word="interj">interj</span>）表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：<span word="oh">oh</span>, <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="hi">hi</span>, <span word="hello">hello</span>.二、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物，回答是谁或者什么。通常用名词或代词担任。如：<span word="Im">Im</span> <span word="Miss">Miss</span> <span word="Green">Green</span>.（我是格林小姐）2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态，回答做（什么）。主要由动词担任。如：<span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="cleans">cleans</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. （杰克每天打扫房间）3、表语在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特征，回答是什么或者怎么样。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：<span word="My">My</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Ping">Ping</span> <span word="ping">ping</span> .（我的名字叫萍萍）4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是什么。通常由名词或代词担任。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="spell">spell</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span>.（他能拼这个词）有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> . （他给我写了一封信）有时可把介词<span word="to">to</span>或<span word="for">for</span>加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> . （他给我写了一封信）5、定语修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：<span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="city">city</span> .（上海是个大城市）6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> .（他工作努力）7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当。如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="clean">clean</span>.（他们通常让教室保持清洁） / <span word="He">He</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span>.（他常常帮我做功课） / <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="myself">myself</span>.（老师要我自学法语）☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面，进一步说明它的情况。如：<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="classmate">classmate</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> ?（你的同学汤姆在哪里？）</p>
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