中考英语语法：句子的类型
<p>（一）句子类型概述句子的类型一共有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。宾语从句考点：(1)一连词的选择；(2)主句与从句时态的呼应；(3)宾语从句的语序问题；(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。状语从句考点：(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题；(2)连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：<span word="while">while</span>/ <span word="as">as</span>/ <span word="when">when</span>引导时间状语从句；<span word="because">because</span>/ <span word="since">since</span>/<span word="as">as</span>/<span word="for">for</span>引导原因状语从句；<span word="if">if</span>/<span word="unless">unless</span>引导条件状语从句；<span word="so">so</span>... <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="that">that</span>引导结果状语从句等。（二）基础知识梳理1．简单句只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如：<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="Bruce">Bruce</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="Susan">Susan</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="French">French</span>.<span word="Mother">Mother</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="schoolbag">schoolbag</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="term">term</span>.2．并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有<span word="and">and</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="or">or</span>，<span word="so">so</span>，<span word="for">for</span>等。如：<span word="Go">Go</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="toilet">toilet</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="cant">cant</span>.<span word="Hurry">Hurry</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.<span word="She">She</span> <span word="practices">practices</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="rained">rained</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>.3．复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主要从句。1)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式：(1)由<span word="that">that</span>引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="know">know</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sports">sports</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>(2)由<span word="whether">whether</span>或<span word="if">if</span>（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如：<span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="date">date</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.(3)由连接代词<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>，<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span>和连接副词<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>,<span word="how">how</span>等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如：<span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nearest">nearest</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="station">station</span>?<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="museum">museum</span>.(4) 由<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语的从句。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>.(5) 由形容词<span word="sorry">sorry</span>, <span word="afraid">afraid</span>, <span word="sure">sure</span>, <span word="glad">glad</span>等引出的宾语从句。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>.2)状语从句在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型：(1)由<span word="when">when</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span>等连词引导的时间状语从句。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.<span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="E">E</span>-<span word="mail">mail</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Switzerland">Switzerland</span>.(2)由<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>等词引导的条件状语从句。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="fits">fits</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="well">well</span>.(3) 由<span word="because">because</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="that">that</span>等词引导的原因状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span>?(4)由<span word="though">though</span>/<span word="although">although</span>引导的让步状语从句。如：<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="late">late</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="working">working</span>.(5)由<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="that">that</span>引导的目的状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Athens">Athens</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>.(6)由<span word="so">so</span>... <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="such">such</span>... <span word="that">that</span>等词引导的结果状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span>.<span word="English">English</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>.(7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有<span word="as">as</span>... <span word="as">as</span>与<span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span>结构。（参见形容词、副词一章）3)定语从句在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="which">which</span>引导，它位于先行词与定语从句之间，本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="elder">elder</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>.先行词 关系代词作主语<span word="The">The</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="nice">nice</span>.先行词 关系代词作宾语(1) <span word="who">who</span>和<span word="whom">whom</span>指人，<span word="who">who</span>在从句中作主语，不能省略。而<span word="whom">whom</span>在从句中作宾语，一般可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="professor">professor</span>.<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> (<span word="whom">whom</span>) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>?(2) <span word="which">which</span>指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span> (<span word="which">which</span>) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="borrowed">borrowed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="published">published</span>.(3) <span word="that">that</span>指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hang">hang</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="her">her</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="restaurants">restaurants</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="welcomed">welcomed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="children">children</span>.(4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词<span word="all">all</span>, <span word="everything">everything</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span>等以及<span word="only">only</span>修饰时，关系代词必须用<span word="that">that</span>。如：<span word="All">All</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="water">water</span>.<span word="Ill">Ill</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span>.<span word="Judy">Judy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="honest">honest</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>.（一）句子类型概述句子的类型一共有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。宾语从句考点：(1)一连词的选择；(2)主句与从句时态的呼应；(3)宾语从句的语序问题；(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。状语从句考点：(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题；(2)连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：<span word="while">while</span>/ <span word="as">as</span>/ <span word="when">when</span>引导时间状语从句；<span word="because">because</span>/ <span word="since">since</span>/<span word="as">as</span>/<span word="for">for</span>引导原因状语从句；<span word="if">if</span>/<span word="unless">unless</span>引导条件状语从句；<span word="so">so</span>... <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="that">that</span>引导结果状语从句等。（二）基础知识梳理1．简单句只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如：<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="Bruce">Bruce</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="Susan">Susan</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="French">French</span>.<span word="Mother">Mother</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="schoolbag">schoolbag</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="term">term</span>.2．并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有<span word="and">and</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="or">or</span>，<span word="so">so</span>，<span word="for">for</span>等。如：<span word="Go">Go</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="toilet">toilet</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="cant">cant</span>.<span word="Hurry">Hurry</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.<span word="She">She</span> <span word="practices">practices</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="rained">rained</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>.3．复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主要从句。1)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式：(1)由<span word="that">that</span>引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="know">know</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sports">sports</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>(2)由<span word="whether">whether</span>或<span word="if">if</span>（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如：<span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="date">date</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.(3)由连接代词<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>，<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span>和连接副词<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>,<span word="how">how</span>等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如：<span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nearest">nearest</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="station">station</span>?<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="museum">museum</span>.(4) 由<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语的从句。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>.(5) 由形容词<span word="sorry">sorry</span>, <span word="afraid">afraid</span>, <span word="sure">sure</span>, <span word="glad">glad</span>等引出的宾语从句。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>.2)状语从句在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型：(1)由<span word="when">when</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span>等连词引导的时间状语从句。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.<span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="E">E</span>-<span word="mail">mail</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Switzerland">Switzerland</span>.(2)由<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>等词引导的条件状语从句。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="fits">fits</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="well">well</span>.(3) 由<span word="because">because</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="that">that</span>等词引导的原因状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span>?(4)由<span word="though">though</span>/<span word="although">although</span>引导的让步状语从句。如：<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="late">late</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="working">working</span>.(5)由<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="that">that</span>引导的目的状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Athens">Athens</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>.(6)由<span word="so">so</span>... <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="such">such</span>... <span word="that">that</span>等词引导的结果状语从句。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span>.<span word="English">English</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>.(7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有<span word="as">as</span>... <span word="as">as</span>与<span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span>结构。（参见形容词、副词一章）3)定语从句在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="which">which</span>引导，它位于先行词与定语从句之间，本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="elder">elder</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>.先行词 关系代词作主语<span word="The">The</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="nice">nice</span>.先行词 关系代词作宾语(1) <span word="who">who</span>和<span word="whom">whom</span>指人，<span word="who">who</span>在从句中作主语，不能省略。而<span word="whom">whom</span>在从句中作宾语，一般可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="professor">professor</span>.<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> (<span word="whom">whom</span>) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>?(2) <span word="which">which</span>指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span> (<span word="which">which</span>) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="borrowed">borrowed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="published">published</span>.(3) <span word="that">that</span>指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hang">hang</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="her">her</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="restaurants">restaurants</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="welcomed">welcomed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="children">children</span>.(4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词<span word="all">all</span>, <span word="everything">everything</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span>等以及<span word="only">only</span>修饰时，关系代词必须用<span word="that">that</span>。如：<span word="All">All</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="water">water</span>.<span word="Ill">Ill</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span>.<span word="Judy">Judy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="honest">honest</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>.</p>
页:
[1]