中考英语语法：句子的种类
<p>（一）句子种类概述句子按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。（二）基础知识梳理1．陈述句陈述句用来说明事实或表示说话人的看法。1)陈述句的肯定形式。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="obey">obey</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.2)陈述句的否定形式把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况：(1)在<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="will">will</span>，<span word="shall">shall</span>（包括情态动词）后直接加<span word="not">not</span>。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="students">students</span>．<span word="You">You</span> <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="today">today</span>.(2)在助动词<span word="do">do</span>，<span word="does">does</span>，或<span word="did">did</span>后加<span word="not">not</span>，再把它们放在行为动词前面，而行为动词用原形。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出现<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>，<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="nor">nor</span>，<span word="never">never</span>等。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="question">question</span>.<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twins">twins</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>.2．疑问句疑问句就是提出问题，让对方作出回答。英语中有四种疑问句，即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。1)一般疑问句用于询问一个事实是否属实，其回答通常是<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。其结构为：<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="will">will</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，助动词+主语+（主动词）/宾语如：<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>?<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="windy">windy</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>?<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="maths">maths</span> <span word="contest">contest</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>?2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句对句中某一特定部分提问，以特殊疑问词开头根据实际情况，不必用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>回答。常见的特殊疑问词有<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="time">time</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="old">old</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span>+可数名词复数，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span>+不可数名词，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="far">far</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>等。其结构为：疑问句+一般疑问句语句如：<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span> <span word="fastest">fastest</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>?<span word="What">What</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="now">now</span>?<span word="How">How</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="here">here</span>?3)选择疑问句选择疑问句通常提供两种或两种以上情况，询问对方选择哪一种。回答时选择一种，不必用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。一般疑问句+<span word="A">A</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="B">B</span>如：<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cup">cup</span>?<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>?特殊疑问句，<span word="A">A</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="B">B</span>？ 或<span word="A">A</span>，<span word="B">B</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="C">C</span>？如：<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>?<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="record">record</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ball">ball</span>?4)反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句，回答时用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。它的构成和回答主要如下：(1)肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问部分？如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> <span word="stamps">stamps</span>, <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="they">they</span>?一<span word="Yes">Yes</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span>. 是的，他们对集邮感兴趣的。一<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="arent">arent</span>. 不，他们对集邮不感兴趣的。(2)否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分？如：<span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>, <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span>?一<span word="Yes">Yes</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span>. 不，他通过考试。一<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span>. 9是，他没通过。3．祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。1)祈使句的肯定结构如：<span word="Come">Come</span> <span word="in">in</span>，<span word="please">please</span>.<span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="try">try</span>.<span word="Lets">Lets</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span> <span word="together">together</span>.2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词前面加上<span word="dont">dont</span>，如： <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="school">school</span>.<span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>.4．感叹句1) 感叹句表达说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。它常由<span word="what">what</span>或<span word="how">how</span>开头或引导。感叹词<span word="What">What</span>+强调部分（名词）+主语+动词谓语如：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mess">mess</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>!<span word="What">What</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>!2) 感叹词<span word="How">How</span>+强调部分（形容词或副词）+主语+动词谓语如：<span word="How">How</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span>!（一）句子种类概述句子按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。（二）基础知识梳理1．陈述句陈述句用来说明事实或表示说话人的看法。1)陈述句的肯定形式。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="obey">obey</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.2)陈述句的否定形式把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况：(1)在<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="will">will</span>，<span word="shall">shall</span>（包括情态动词）后直接加<span word="not">not</span>。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="students">students</span>．<span word="You">You</span> <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="today">today</span>.(2)在助动词<span word="do">do</span>，<span word="does">does</span>，或<span word="did">did</span>后加<span word="not">not</span>，再把它们放在行为动词前面，而行为动词用原形。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出现<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>，<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="nor">nor</span>，<span word="never">never</span>等。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="question">question</span>.<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twins">twins</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>.2．疑问句疑问句就是提出问题，让对方作出回答。英语中有四种疑问句，即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。1)一般疑问句用于询问一个事实是否属实，其回答通常是<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。其结构为：<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="will">will</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，助动词+主语+（主动词）/宾语如：<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>?<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="windy">windy</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>?<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="maths">maths</span> <span word="contest">contest</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>?2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句对句中某一特定部分提问，以特殊疑问词开头根据实际情况，不必用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>回答。常见的特殊疑问词有<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="time">time</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="old">old</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span>+可数名词复数，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span>+不可数名词，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="far">far</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>等。其结构为：疑问句+一般疑问句语句如：<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span> <span word="fastest">fastest</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>?<span word="What">What</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="now">now</span>?<span word="How">How</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="here">here</span>?3)选择疑问句选择疑问句通常提供两种或两种以上情况，询问对方选择哪一种。回答时选择一种，不必用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。一般疑问句+<span word="A">A</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="B">B</span>如：<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cup">cup</span>?<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>?特殊疑问句，<span word="A">A</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="B">B</span>？ 或<span word="A">A</span>，<span word="B">B</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="C">C</span>？如：<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>?<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="record">record</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ball">ball</span>?4)反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句，回答时用<span word="Yes">Yes</span>或<span word="No">No</span>。它的构成和回答主要如下：(1)肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问部分？如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> <span word="stamps">stamps</span>, <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="they">they</span>?一<span word="Yes">Yes</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span>. 是的，他们对集邮感兴趣的。一<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="arent">arent</span>. 不，他们对集邮不感兴趣的。(2)否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分？如：<span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>, <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span>?一<span word="Yes">Yes</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span>. 不，他通过考试。一<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span>. 9是，他没通过。3．祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。1)祈使句的肯定结构如：<span word="Come">Come</span> <span word="in">in</span>，<span word="please">please</span>.<span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="try">try</span>.<span word="Lets">Lets</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span> <span word="together">together</span>.2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词前面加上<span word="dont">dont</span>，如： <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="school">school</span>.<span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>.4．感叹句1) 感叹句表达说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。它常由<span word="what">what</span>或<span word="how">how</span>开头或引导。感叹词<span word="What">What</span>+强调部分（名词）+主语+动词谓语如：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mess">mess</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>!<span word="What">What</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>!2) 感叹词<span word="How">How</span>+强调部分（形容词或副词）+主语+动词谓语如：<span word="How">How</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span>!</p>
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