中考英语语法：形容词和副词语法讲解（一）
<p>（一）形容词和副词概述形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀<span word="ly">ly</span>。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目，也是中考重要考查内容。考查重点是：（1）考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。（2）考查级的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。（3）考查比较级、最高级的注意点：①同类事物进行比较。②将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。③使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。（4）考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型：<span word="from">from</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>/<span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>(每况愈下)；<span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span>(越来越多的，越来越)；<span word="the">the</span>+比较级，<span word="the">the</span>+比较级(越越)。（5）考查<span word="as">as</span>．．．<span word="as">as</span>同级比较句型。（6）考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有：<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="a">a</span> 1<span word="ot">ot</span>，<span word="even">even</span>，<span word="still">still</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>等。（7）考查易混形容词与副词的区别（二）基础知识梳理1．形容词的用法和位置1）形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如：<span word="Computers">Computers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span> <span word="life">life</span>．<span word="Leaves">Leaves</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="autumn">autumn</span>．2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unhealthy">unhealthy</span> <span word="diet">diet</span>．<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>．3)形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>．<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span>．2．副词的用法和位置1）副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：（1）时间副词。常用的有：<span word="ago">ago</span>，<span word="before">before</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="soon">soon</span>，<span word="already">already</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span>等。（2）地点副词。常用的有：<span word="here">here</span>，<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="up">up</span>，<span word="down">down</span>，<span word="above">above</span>，<span word="below">below</span>，<span word="inside">inside</span>，<span word="outside">outside</span>等。（3）疑问副词。常见的有：<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="why">why</span>，<span word="how">how</span>等。（4）程度副词。常见的有：<span word="very">very</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="so">so</span>，<span word="too">too</span>，<span word="quite">quite</span>，<span word="enough">enough</span>等。（5）方式副词。多由形容词+<span word="ly">ly</span>后缀构成。如：<span word="carefully">carefully</span>，<span word="quickly">quickly</span>，<span word="easily">easily</span>，<span word="quietly">quietly</span>等。（6）频度副词。常用的有：<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="often">often</span>，<span word="sometimes">sometimes</span>，<span word="usually">usually</span>，<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="never">never</span>等。2）副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="snowing">snowing</span> <span word="heavily">heavily</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>．（状语，修饰动词）<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>．（状语，修饰动词）<span word="unluckily">unluckily</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="physics">physics</span> <span word="exam">exam</span> <span word="again">again</span>．（状语，修饰整个句子）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>．（状语，修饰形容词）<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="over">over</span>．（表语）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Singapore">Singapore</span>．(定语)3）程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前，但<span word="enough">enough</span>则要放在后面。如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="freezing">freezing</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>．<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>．<span word="We">We</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>．4）频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，<span word="be">be</span>动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="class">class</span>．<span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>．5）几个副词同时出现时，其顺序一般为：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。（一）形容词和副词概述形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀<span word="ly">ly</span>。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目，也是中考重要考查内容。考查重点是：（1）考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。（2）考查级的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。（3）考查比较级、最高级的注意点：①同类事物进行比较。②将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。③使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。（4）考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型：<span word="from">from</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>/<span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>(每况愈下)；<span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span>(越来越多的，越来越)；<span word="the">the</span>+比较级，<span word="the">the</span>+比较级(越越)。（5）考查<span word="as">as</span>．．．<span word="as">as</span>同级比较句型。（6）考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有：<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="a">a</span> 1<span word="ot">ot</span>，<span word="even">even</span>，<span word="still">still</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>等。（7）考查易混形容词与副词的区别（二）基础知识梳理1．形容词的用法和位置1）形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如：<span word="Computers">Computers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span> <span word="life">life</span>．<span word="Leaves">Leaves</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="autumn">autumn</span>．2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unhealthy">unhealthy</span> <span word="diet">diet</span>．<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>．3)形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>．<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span>．2．副词的用法和位置1）副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：（1）时间副词。常用的有：<span word="ago">ago</span>，<span word="before">before</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="soon">soon</span>，<span word="already">already</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span>等。（2）地点副词。常用的有：<span word="here">here</span>，<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="up">up</span>，<span word="down">down</span>，<span word="above">above</span>，<span word="below">below</span>，<span word="inside">inside</span>，<span word="outside">outside</span>等。（3）疑问副词。常见的有：<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="why">why</span>，<span word="how">how</span>等。（4）程度副词。常见的有：<span word="very">very</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="so">so</span>，<span word="too">too</span>，<span word="quite">quite</span>，<span word="enough">enough</span>等。（5）方式副词。多由形容词+<span word="ly">ly</span>后缀构成。如：<span word="carefully">carefully</span>，<span word="quickly">quickly</span>，<span word="easily">easily</span>，<span word="quietly">quietly</span>等。（6）频度副词。常用的有：<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="often">often</span>，<span word="sometimes">sometimes</span>，<span word="usually">usually</span>，<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="never">never</span>等。2）副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="snowing">snowing</span> <span word="heavily">heavily</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>．（状语，修饰动词）<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>．（状语，修饰动词）<span word="unluckily">unluckily</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="physics">physics</span> <span word="exam">exam</span> <span word="again">again</span>．（状语，修饰整个句子）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>．（状语，修饰形容词）<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="over">over</span>．（表语）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Singapore">Singapore</span>．(定语)3）程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前，但<span word="enough">enough</span>则要放在后面。如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="freezing">freezing</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>．<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>．<span word="We">We</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>．4）频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，<span word="be">be</span>动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="class">class</span>．<span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>．5）几个副词同时出现时，其顺序一般为：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。</p>
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