中考英语语法：形容词和副词语法讲解（二）
<p>3．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。（1）一般情况在词尾加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="hardest">hardest</span>（2）以字母<span word="e">e</span>结尾的只加-<span word="r">r</span>，-<span word="st">st</span>。如：<span word="large">large</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="largest">largest</span>（3）以辅音字母+<span word="y">y</span>结尾的，先改<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>，再加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="healthier">healthier</span> <span word="healthiest">healthiest</span>（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="thin">thin</span> <span word="thinner">thinner</span> <span word="thinnest">thinnest</span>注：词尾为<span word="ow">ow</span>，<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="le">le</span>结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：<span word="narrow">narrow</span> <span word="narrower">narrower</span> <span word="narrowest">narrowest</span><span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="cleverer">cleverer</span> <span word="cleverest">cleverest</span><span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="simpler">simpler</span><span word="simplest">simplest</span>2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加<span word="more">more</span>，<span word="most">most</span>。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：<span word="serious">serious</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="serious">serious</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="serious">serious</span><span word="popular">popular</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span><span word="tired">tired</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="tired">tired</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="tired">tired</span><span word="pleased">pleased</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span>3）不规则变化：<span word="good">good</span>/<span word="well">well</span><span word="better">better</span><span word="best">best</span><span word="bad">bad</span>/<span word="ill">ill</span>/<span word="badly">badly</span><span word="worse">worse</span><span word="worst">worst</span><span word="many">many</span>/<span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="most">most</span><span word="little">little</span><span word="less">less</span> <span word="least">least</span><span word="far">far</span> <span word="farther">farther</span>/<span word="further">further</span><span word="farthest">farthest</span>/<span word="furthest">furthest</span><span word="old">old</span> <span word="older">older</span>/<span word="elder">elder</span><span word="oldest">oldest</span>/<span word="eldest">eldest</span>4．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：<span word="as">as</span>+形容词（副词）原级+ <span word="as">as</span>否定结构：<span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> (<span word="as">as</span>)+形容词（副词）原级+<span word="as">as</span>如： <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="garden">garden</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span>.<span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="as">as</span>/<span word="so">so</span> <span word="carefully">carefully</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="elder">elder</span> <span word="sister">sister</span>.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>.2）程度不等的比较，常与<span word="than">than</span>连用，其基本句型是： <span word="A">A</span>+形容词（副词）比较级+ <span word="than">than</span> <span word="B">B</span>如：<span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="strawberries">strawberries</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="grapes">grapes</span>?3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：<span word="the">the</span>+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（<span word="of">of</span>/<span word="among">among</span>/<span word="in">in</span>短语） 如： <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="season">season</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.<span word="David">David</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cleverest">cleverest</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="brothers">brothers</span>. <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="jumps">jumps</span> (<span word="the">the</span>) <span word="farthest">farthest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span>.注：副词的最高级前<span word="the">the</span>可以省略。5．学习比较等级时的些注意事项1）比较的对象应当一致。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.（误）<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.（正）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="beats">beats</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span>.（误）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="beats">beats</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mans">mans</span>.（正）2)不能与自身相比较。应借助<span word="other">other</span>或<span word="else">else</span>来表达排除。如：<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（误） <span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span>, <span word="else">else</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：<span word="much">much</span>, <span word="even">even</span>, <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>，<span word="still">still</span>等。<span word="This">This</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="textbook">textbook</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="thicker">thicker</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="one">one</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span>.4)在比较级的句子中出现<span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span>之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shorter">shorter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="country">country</span>, <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>?5)比较级+ <span word="and">and</span>+比较级结构，表示越来越，多音节词则要用<span word="more">more</span>+ <span word="and">and</span>+<span word="more">more</span>+原级。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="block">block</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>.6)<span word="the">the</span>+比较级，<span word="the">the</span>+比较级结构，表示越是就越。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span>.（越快越好。）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="busier">busier</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="happier">happier</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="feels">feels</span>.3．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。（1）一般情况在词尾加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="hardest">hardest</span>（2）以字母<span word="e">e</span>结尾的只加-<span word="r">r</span>，-<span word="st">st</span>。如：<span word="large">large</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="largest">largest</span>（3）以辅音字母+<span word="y">y</span>结尾的，先改<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>，再加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="healthier">healthier</span> <span word="healthiest">healthiest</span>（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="est">est</span>。如：<span word="thin">thin</span> <span word="thinner">thinner</span> <span word="thinnest">thinnest</span>注：词尾为<span word="ow">ow</span>，<span word="er">er</span>，<span word="le">le</span>结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：<span word="narrow">narrow</span> <span word="narrower">narrower</span> <span word="narrowest">narrowest</span><span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="cleverer">cleverer</span> <span word="cleverest">cleverest</span><span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="simpler">simpler</span><span word="simplest">simplest</span>2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加<span word="more">more</span>，<span word="most">most</span>。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：<span word="serious">serious</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="serious">serious</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="serious">serious</span><span word="popular">popular</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span><span word="tired">tired</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="tired">tired</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="tired">tired</span><span word="pleased">pleased</span><span word="more">more</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span>3）不规则变化：<span word="good">good</span>/<span word="well">well</span><span word="better">better</span><span word="best">best</span><span word="bad">bad</span>/<span word="ill">ill</span>/<span word="badly">badly</span><span word="worse">worse</span><span word="worst">worst</span><span word="many">many</span>/<span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="most">most</span><span word="little">little</span><span word="less">less</span> <span word="least">least</span><span word="far">far</span> <span word="farther">farther</span>/<span word="further">further</span><span word="farthest">farthest</span>/<span word="furthest">furthest</span><span word="old">old</span> <span word="older">older</span>/<span word="elder">elder</span><span word="oldest">oldest</span>/<span word="eldest">eldest</span>4．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：<span word="as">as</span>+形容词（副词）原级+ <span word="as">as</span>否定结构：<span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> (<span word="as">as</span>)+形容词（副词）原级+<span word="as">as</span>如： <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="garden">garden</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span>.<span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="as">as</span>/<span word="so">so</span> <span word="carefully">carefully</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="elder">elder</span> <span word="sister">sister</span>.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>.2）程度不等的比较，常与<span word="than">than</span>连用，其基本句型是： <span word="A">A</span>+形容词（副词）比较级+ <span word="than">than</span> <span word="B">B</span>如：<span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="strawberries">strawberries</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="grapes">grapes</span>?3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：<span word="the">the</span>+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（<span word="of">of</span>/<span word="among">among</span>/<span word="in">in</span>短语） 如： <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="season">season</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.<span word="David">David</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cleverest">cleverest</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="brothers">brothers</span>. <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="jumps">jumps</span> (<span word="the">the</span>) <span word="farthest">farthest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span>.注：副词的最高级前<span word="the">the</span>可以省略。5．学习比较等级时的些注意事项1）比较的对象应当一致。如：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.（误）<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.（正）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="beats">beats</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span>.（误）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="beats">beats</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mans">mans</span>.（正）2)不能与自身相比较。应借助<span word="other">other</span>或<span word="else">else</span>来表达排除。如：<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（误） <span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span>, <span word="else">else</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）<span word="Beckham">Beckham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.（正）3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：<span word="much">much</span>, <span word="even">even</span>, <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>，<span word="still">still</span>等。<span word="This">This</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="textbook">textbook</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="thicker">thicker</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="one">one</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span>.4)在比较级的句子中出现<span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span>之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shorter">shorter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="country">country</span>, <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>?5)比较级+ <span word="and">and</span>+比较级结构，表示越来越，多音节词则要用<span word="more">more</span>+ <span word="and">and</span>+<span word="more">more</span>+原级。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="block">block</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>.6)<span word="the">the</span>+比较级，<span word="the">the</span>+比较级结构，表示越是就越。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span>.（越快越好。）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="busier">busier</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="happier">happier</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="feels">feels</span>.</p>
页:
[1]